Balanced genetic diversity improves population fitness
Balanced genetic diversity improves population fitness
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平衡的遗传多样性可提高种群适应性
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.2045
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Kawata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yuma Takahashi;R. Tanaka;D. Yamamoto;Suzuki Noriyuki;M. Kawata
虽然种群内的遗传多样性被认为可以提高种群水平的适应性和生产力，但这些效应的存在是有争议的，因为遗传多样性的生态效应和潜在机制的经验证据是稀缺和不完整的。在这里，我们表明，自然的单基因行为多态性（漫游者和坐）在果蝇种群健身有积极的影响。我们的简单的数值模型预测，多态群体的适应度将高于预期的两个单态群体，但只有在平衡选择。此外，这种积极的多样性效应的遗传多态性是由于互补效应，而不是选择效应。我们的实证检验使用的行为多态性在D。melanogaster显然支持模型的预测。这些结果为遗传多样性对种群适合度及其条件依赖性的生态效应提供了直接证据。
Although genetic diversity within a population is suggested to improve population-level fitness and productivity, the existence of these effects is controversial because empirical evidence for an ecological effect of genetic diversity and the underlying mechanisms is scarce and incomplete. Here, we show that the natural single-gene behavioural polymorphism (Rover and sitter) in Drosophila melanogaster has a positive effect on population fitness. Our simple numerical model predicted that the fitness of a polymorphic population would be higher than that expected with two monomorphic populations, but only under balancing selection. Moreover, this positive diversity effect of genetic polymorphism was attributable to a complementarity effect, rather than to a selection effect. Our empirical tests using the behavioural polymorphism in D. melanogaster clearly supported the model predictions. These results provide direct evidence for an ecological effect of genetic diversity on population fitness and its condition dependence.