Digital wildfires hyper-connectivity, havoc and a global ethos to govern social media
Digital wildfires hyper-connectivity, havoc and a global ethos to govern social media
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数字野火超连接、破坏和管理社交媒体的全球风气
DOI：
10.1145/2874239.2874267
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Webb H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Webb H
在过去的5- 10年里，社交媒体平台（如Twitter，Facebook，Tumblr等）的流行程度大幅上升，这些平台使用户能够即时发布和分享自己的内容，这意味着材料可以在短时间内被多个其他人看到。随着社交媒体的使用越来越多，人们担心这些平台会使有害内容在全球迅速传播。世界经济论坛的一份报告提出了“数字野火”的全球风险因素-社交媒体事件，其中挑衅性内容迅速广泛传播，造成重大伤害。这种挑衅性内容可能采取谣言、仇恨言论或煽动性信息等形式，造成的伤害可能影响个人、团体、组织或人口。在本文中，我们借鉴世界经济论坛的报告提出了一个核心问题：数字野火的风险是否需要新形式的社交媒体治理？我们讨论的结果，研究这个中心问题的范围练习。专注于英国的情况下，我们提出了简短的数字野火场景的案例研究，并描述了四个关键机制，目前管理的社会媒体内容。由于这些机制往往是追溯性的，侧重于个人，因此有可能引入进一步的治理做法，以主动处理内容传播问题，并将其作为一种集体行为。然而，进一步治理带来的对言论自由的任何限制都会引起道德上的担忧。在确定新的治理做法是否必要或在道德上是否合理之前，需要对社交媒体的做法和观点进行实证调查。
The last 5--10 years have seen a massive rise in the popularity of social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr etc. These platforms enable users to post and share their own content instantly, meaning that material can be seen by multiple others in a short period of time. The growing use of social media has been accompanied by concerns that these platforms enable the rapid and global spread of harmful content. A report by the World Economic Forum puts forward the global risk factor of 'digital wildfires' -- social media events in which provocative content spreads rapidly and broadly, causing significant harm. This provocative content may take the form of rumour, hate speech or inflammatory messages etc. and the harms caused may affect individuals, groups, organisations or populations. In this paper we draw on the World Economic Forum report to ask a central question: does the risk of digital wildfires necessitate new forms of social media governance? We discuss the results of a scoping exercise that examined this central question. Focusing on the UK context, we present short case studies of digital wildfire scenarios and describe four key mechanisms that currently govern social media content. As these mechanisms tend to be retrospective and individual in focus, it is possible that further governance practices could be introduced to deal with the propagation of content proactively and as a form of collective behaviour. However ethical concerns arise over any restrictions to freedom of speech brought about by further governance. Empirical investigation of social media practices and perspectives is needed before it is possible to determine whether new governance practices are necessary or ethically justifiable.