Ecological monitoring with citizen science: the design and implementation of schemes for recording plants in Britain and Ireland
Ecological monitoring with citizen science: the design and implementation of schemes for recording plants in Britain and Ireland
复制标题
公民科学的生态监测：英国和爱尔兰植物记录计划的设计和实施
DOI：
10.1111/bij.12581
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
D. Roy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O. Pescott;K. Walker;Michael J. O. Pocock;M. Jitlal;Charlotte L. Outhwaite;Christine M. Cheffings;F. Harris;D. Roy
人们对公民科学的兴趣正在迅速增加，尽管迄今为止的评论并没有清楚地概述长期建立的为地方和国家地图集记录植物物种分布的做法或其他记录项目与逐渐发展的更有组织的监测计划之间的联系，这些计划也依赖于志愿者的努力。我们对英国和爱尔兰基于志愿者的植物监测进行了回顾，特别关注与生物记录计划和自然历史协会合作的专家志愿者的贡献；我们特别强调了提高所收集数据质量的项目和实践。虽然对更大尺度植物分布的监测使我们对植物区系的变化及其原因有了许多深入的了解，但这些活动也使我们认识到，在更小尺度上了解物种的丰度往往是发现和解释变化的更有力的手段。在英国，这导致了一项新的、基于丰度的“国家植物监测计划”的发展。我们概述了这个新的结构化方案，并回顾了在其开发过程中所做的一些设计考虑。新的监测项目需要一个明确的理由，而启动一项新计划也是一个审查有关监测数据收集的一些基本假设是否经得起审查的时机。在侧重于回答特定的、有重点的问题的监测与更普遍地寻求发现变化的监测之间，经常有区别；例如，物种的分布或丰度。因此，我们还审查了这种监测生物多样性的一般“监测”方法的理由，并将其置于基于志愿者的倡议的背景下。我们的结论是，在地图集或监测计划框架内工作的生物记录者收集的数据将继续产生政府、科学家和志愿者本身高度重视的数据集。
Interest in citizen science has been increasing rapidly, although the reviews available to date have not clearly outlined the links between the long-established practice of recording plant species’ distributions for local and national atlases, or other recording projects, and the gradual development of more structured monitoring schemes that also rely on volunteer effort. We provide a review of volunteer-based plant monitoring in Britain and Ireland, with a particular focus on the contributions of expert volunteers working with biological recording schemes and natural history societies; in particular, we highlight projects and practices that have improved the quality of data collected. Although the monitoring of plant distributions at larger scales has led to numerous insights into floristic change and its causes, these activities have also led to the recognition that knowledge of species’ abundances at finer-scales often provides a more powerful means of detecting and interpreting change. In the UK, this has led to the development of a new, abundance-based ‘National Plant Monitoring Scheme’. We outline this new structured scheme, and review some of the design considerations that have been made during its development. New monitoring projects require a clear justification, and the launch of a new scheme is also an opportune moment to review whether some basic assumptions about the collection of monitoring data can withstand scrutiny. A distinction is often made between monitoring that is focused on answering particular, focused questions, and that which is more generally seeking to detect changes; for example, in species’ distributions or abundances. Therefore, we also review the justification for such general ‘surveillance’ approaches to the monitoring of biodiversity, and place this in the context of volunteer-based initiatives. We conclude that data collected by biological recorders working within atlas or monitoring scheme frameworks will continue to produce datasets that are highly valued by governments, scientists, and the volunteers themselves.