Experimental constraints on coesite abundances in eclogite and implications for the X seismic discontinuity

Experimental constraints on coesite abundances in eclogite and implications for the X seismic discontinuity
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榴辉岩柯石英丰度的实验限制及其对 X 地震不连续性的影响

DOI:
10.1002/2015jb011933
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Klimm K
Klimm K
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
napp N;Woodland AB;Klimm K

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我们通过实验测试了榴辉岩体中柯石英-石英石转变导致 X 不连续性的可能性,X 不连续性是局部观察到的 260-330 km 深度地震波速度的低阻抗跳跃。我们确定了三种天然类似榴辉岩组合物中的相关系和游离 SiO2 丰度,这些组合物在压力-温度条件以及是否发生熔体萃取方面模拟了不同的俯冲场景。代表浅或深熔化后残留物的榴辉岩组合物要么不含有柯石英,要么含有太少(<4%重量)以产生观察到的X不连续性的阻抗对比。仅发现未经改性的洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)成分含有足够的柯石英(6-8%重量),以与转变为石英石时预期的阻抗对比度一致。然而,我们断言,MORB 在俯冲到约 300 公里的过程中不能保持成分不变。从玄武岩到榴辉岩的转变过程中由于脱水反应造成的流体损失降低了整体 SiO2 含量。此外,MORB湿固相线在约290公里处与柯石英-石英石边界相交,这意味着在达到石英稳定之前,在更深的深度应该存在熔体相。我们的数据表明,熔体生成是降低矿物组合中游离 SiO2 含量的有效方法。这项研究还证实了先前的工作,表明 SiO2 从单斜辉石中的 Ca-Eskola (Ca0.5AlSi2O6) 组分中溶出并不是在达到其稳定场后产生大量辉石的可行机制。我们的结论是,榴辉岩体中的柯石英-石英石转变并不是对 X 不连续性的可行的岩石学解释。
We have experimentally tested the possibility that the coesite‐stishovite transition in eclogite bodies is responsible for the X discontinuity, a locally observed, low‐impedance jump in seismic wave velocities at 260–330 km depth. We determined phase relations and free SiO2abundances in three natural‐analog eclogite compositions that simulate different subduction scenarios in terms of pressure‐temperature conditions and whether or not melt extraction occurred. Eclogitic compositions representing residues after either shallow or deep melting contain either no coesite or else too little (<4 wt %) to produce the observed impedance contrast for the X discontinuity. Only an unmodified mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) composition was found to contain just enough coesite (6–8 wt %) to be consistent with the expected impedance contrast when it transforms to stishovite. However, we assert that MORB cannot remain compositionally unmodified during subduction down to ~300 km. Fluid loss due to dehydration reactions during the transformation from basalt to eclogite lowers bulk SiO2content. In addition, the MORB wet solidus intersects the coesite‐stishovite boundary at ~290 km, implying that at greater depths a melt phase should be present before stishovite stability is reached. Our data indicate that melt generation is an efficient means of lowering the free SiO2content in the mineral assemblage. This study also confirms previous work indicating that exsolution of SiO2from the Ca‐Eskola (Ca0.5AlSi2O6) component in clinopyroxene is not a feasible mechanism for producing significant stishovite upon reaching its stability field. We conclude that the coesite‐stishovite transition in eclogite bodies is not a viable petrological explanation for the X discontinuity.
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