REPRESENTING STATICS AS FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM
REPRESENTING STATICS AS FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.117.4.395
复制
发表时间：
1988-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
CHENG, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FREYD, JJ;PANTZER, TM;CHENG, JL
静止的物体可以根据作用于它们的物理作用力来描述，这种作用力在静态场景中是平衡的。我们假设，以一种相关的方式，对静态场景和物体的感知可能涉及对潜在动态的呈现。在我们的第一个实验中，给受试者展示了一张放在桌子上或挂在钩子上的植物的图片，然后是一张没有支撑桌子或钩子的相同位置的植物的图片。受试者试图记住植物的位置，然后向他们展示第三个显示，其中植物处于相同的位置，或者略高于或略低于原始位置。我们发现，与显示植物略高于原始位置相比，受试者在测试显示略低于植物的位置时犯了更多的错误。也就是说，对先前被支撑物体的位置的记忆在与植物在现实生活中失去其支撑来源的情况一致的方向上被扭曲。这一效应取决于最初的支持显示；在实验2中，我们发现当植物最初在没有支持的情况下显示时，没有记忆不对称。在实验3中，我们复制了实验1和实验2的结果，采用了新的刺激设置和改进的程序。在我们的第四项研究中，我们实验了一个略有不同的稳定情况：一个弹簧，上面有一个盒子。我们发现，受试者错误地将弹簧记忆为压缩程度更高或压缩程度更低，正如显示序列的隐含动态所预测的那样。我们讨论了我们的发现提出的问题，包括在静态场景中有意识地体验具体性源于潜在力量的呈现的可能性。
Resting objects can be described according to the physical forces operating on them, forces that are balanced in static scenes. We hypothesized that in a related way, the perception of static scenes and objects might involve a representation of underlying dynamics. In our first experiments, subjects were shown a picture of a plant resting upon a table or hanging from a hook, followed by a picture of the plant in the same position without the supporting table or hook. Subjects attempted to remember the position of the plant and were then shown a third display, in which the plant was in the same position or was slightly above or slightly below the original position. We found that subjects made more errors for test displays showing the plant slightly below, as compared with displays showing the plant slightly above, the original position. That is, memory for the position of the previously supported object was distorted in the direction consistent with what would happen if the plant was to lose its source of support in real life. This effect depends on the initial display of support; in Experiment 2 we found no memory asymmetry when the plant was initially displayed without support. We replicated the results of Experiments 1 and 2 with a new stimulus set and modified procedure in Experiment 3. In our fourth study we experimented with a slightly different stable situation: a spring with a box on top of it. We found that subjects misremembered the spring as either more compressed or less compressed as predicted by the implied dynamics of the display sequence. We discuss issues raised by our findings, including the possibility that the conscious experience of concreteness in static scenes stems from the representation of underlying forces.