Experimental Syntax and Island Effects: Computational models of acquisition for islands
Experimental Syntax and Island Effects: Computational models of acquisition for islands
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实验语法和岛屿效应：岛屿获取的计算模型
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9781139035309.006
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Jon Sprouse
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lisa Pearl;Jon Sprouse
1. 为什么要关注语言习得？尽管并不总是直接陈述，但本书的中心争论在很多方面都是由语言习得的考虑因素驱动的。长距离依赖本身相对复杂，因为它们涉及上下文相关的语法操作（例如，wh-移动或斜杠传递）。上下文相关操作的存在本身就增加了儿童在习得过程中必须考虑的可能语法假设空间的复杂性。如果岛屿效应确实是语法约束的结果，那么假设空间会再次增加，因为语法还必须包含对上下文相关操作的复杂约束。生成语法文献中的一个常见假设是，这种复杂程度（对上下文相关语法操作的限制）无法直接从儿童收到的输入中学习（即，这是刺激问题的贫乏）。因此，许多生成句法学家假设存在关于此类约束必须采取的形式的固有领域特定知识。换句话说，岛屿效应的语法方法通常与本土主义或基于通用语法 (UG) 的语言习得观点相关。通过这种方式，岛屿效应的还原论方法可以被视为一种语法简化方法，因为它可以消除对人类语法形状的一组先天约束的需要。正因为如此，在我们看来，关于“简约”和“简化”的讨论似乎并不存在。
1. Why look at language acquisition? Though it is not always directly stated, the debate at the center of this volume is in many ways driven by language acquisition considerations. Long-‐distance dependencies are themselves relatively complex, as they involve context-‐sensitive grammatical operations (e.g., wh-‐movement or slash-‐passing). The existence of context-‐sensitive operations alone increases the complexity of the hypothesis space of possible grammars that must be considered by children during the acquisition process. If island effects are indeed the result of grammatical constraints, then the hypothesis space increases yet again, as the grammar must also contain complex constraints on context-‐sensitive operations. A common hypothesis in the generative syntax literature is that this level of complexity (constraints on context-‐sensitive grammatical operations) cannot be learned directly from the input that children receive (i.e., this is a poverty of the stimulus problem). As such, many generative syntacticians have postulated the existence of innate domain-‐specific knowledge about the form that such constraints must take. In other words, the grammatical approach to island effects is often correlated with a nativist, or Universal Grammar (UG) based, view of language acquisition. In this way, a reductionist approach to island effects could be seen as a type of simplifying approach to the grammar, as it could eliminate the need for one set of innate constraints on the shape of human grammars. Because of this, it seems to us that discussions of " parsimony " and " simplification " in the