Impact of tree locations and arrangements on outdoor microclimates and human thermal comfort in an urban residential environment
Impact of tree locations and arrangements on outdoor microclimates and human thermal comfort in an urban residential environment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ufug.2018.03.022
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Wentz, Elizabeth A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhao, Qunshan;Sailor, David J.;Wentz, Elizabeth A.
树木是城市建筑环境中的宝贵资产。在像凤凰城这样的干旱城市，树木是缓解极端高温胁迫的主要城市绿色基础设施之一。由于沙漠居住环境中的水和空间成本，设计最佳的树木配置，以最大限度地提高住宅区的整体热效益是重要的和必要的。在本研究中，我们首先模拟了一个真实的街区与当前的树木排列在Tumbl-met（一个整体的三维模型，用于模拟地面-植物-空气相互作用），并验证了Tumbl-met模型的可靠性模拟结果与系统的温度收集样带。此外，我们评估和比较在室外微气候和人体热舒适的差异，模拟不同的树布局（集群，等间隔，或分散）在同一个街区。还比较和讨论了在单个建筑尺度和邻里尺度上的树木效益。模拟结果表明，在炎热干旱的沙漠环境中，由于遮阳的重要性，等间距的两棵树布置方式提供了最大的小气候和人体热舒适效益，其次是无冠层重叠的簇状树木布置方式。这些发现将有助于政策制定者和城市规划者为种植和建立住宅树木提供更好的指导方针，以缓解炎热干旱居住环境中的极端高温。
Trees serve as a valuable asset in the urban built environment. In an arid city like Phoenix, trees are one of the primary urban green infrastructures to ameliorate extreme heat stress. Because of the cost of water and space in the desert residential environment, designing the optimal tree arrangement to maximize overall thermal benefits for residential neighborhoods is important and necessary. In this research, we first simulated a real neighborhood with current tree arrangement in ENVI-met (a holistic three-dimensional model for the simulation of surface-plant-air interactions), and validated the reliability of ENVI-met models by comparing the simulated results with systematic temperature collection transects. Further, we evaluated and compared differences in outdoor microclimates and human thermal comfort by simulating different tree layouts (clustered, equal interval, or dispersed) in the same neighborhood. Tree benefits at individual building scale and neighborhood scale are also compared and discussed. Based on the simulation, an equal interval two trees arrangement provided the most microclimate and human thermal comfort benefits in the neighborhood due to the importance of shading in the hot arid desert environment, following by clustered tree arrangement without canopy overlap. These findings will help policy makers and urban planners offer better guidelines for planting and establishing residential trees to mitigate extreme heat in the hot arid residential environment.