The Retinal Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Implications for Glaucoma.

The Retinal Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Implications for Glaucoma.
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视网膜肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统:对青光眼的影响。

DOI:
10.3390/antiox11040610
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发表时间:
2022-03-22
期刊:
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
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醛固酮是肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的主要效应物之一,在高血压、心血管和肾脏疾病中发挥作用。最近的证据还表明,人眼内存在活跃的局部 RAAS。研究表明,视网膜缺血再灌注损伤后12小时,视网膜中血管紧张素II 1型受体(AT1-R)的蛋白水平上调。此外,再灌注后 12 小时,视网膜中通过 NADPH 氧化酶途径介导的活性氧 (ROS) 产生增加。这种缺血再灌注损伤诱导的视网膜 ROS 水平和 NADPH 氧化酶表达的增加可以通过施用 AT1-R 拮抗剂来预防。这表明主要的视网膜缺血损伤途径之一是通过局部 RAAS。也有报道称,局部或全身给予醛固酮后,会出现进行性视网膜神经节细胞丢失和青光眼性视神经变性,但眼压不升高。通过我们目前的动物模型阐明青光眼发病机制,特别是正常眼压性青光眼(NTG)亚型,可用于确定潜在的治疗靶点。根据这些结果,我们正在进一步评估原发性醛固酮增多症患者中 NTG 的患病率。
Aldosterone is one of the main effectors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) along with having roles in hypertension, and cardiovascular and renal diseases. Recent evidence has also shown the presence of an active local RAAS within the human eye. It has been shown that at 12 h after a retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, there is an upregulation of the protein levels of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) in the retina. Furthermore, at 12 h after reperfusion, there is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the retina that is mediated via an NADPH oxidase pathway. This ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced increase of retinal ROS levels and NADPH oxidase expression can be prevented by the administration of an AT1-R antagonist. This suggests that one of the main retinal ischemic injury pathways is via the local RAAS. It has also been reported that progressive retinal ganglion cell loss and glaucomatous optic nerve degeneration without elevated intraocular pressure occur after administration of local or systemic aldosterone. Elucidation of glaucoma pathogenesis, especially normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) subtype by our current animal model can be used for identifying potential therapeutic targets. Based on these results, we are further evaluating NTG prevalence among primary aldosteronism patients.
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