Effects of d-amphetamine and ethanol on a measure of behavioral inhibition in humans
Effects of d-amphetamine and ethanol on a measure of behavioral inhibition in humans
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DOI：
10.1037//0735-7044.114.4.830
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Richards, JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Wit, H;Crean, J;Richards, JB
关于精神活性药物对人类冲动和决策的急性影响，人们知之甚少。这项研究考察了d-苯丙胺(AMP；10和20 mg；N=20)和乙醇(EtoH；0.2、0.4和0.8 g/kg；N=17)对停止任务的影响，停止任务是健康志愿者行为抑制和冲动的假定测量。停止任务提供了抑制响应(停止RT[SRT])所需的反应时间(RT)相对于执行简单响应所用时间(GO RT[GRT])的度量。健康志愿者在接受其中一种药物之前和之后执行停止任务。AMP仅在基线SRT较慢的参与者中降低SRT，即改善抑制。乙醇在不影响GRTS的剂量下增加了SRT--也就是说，削弱了抑制。这些结果表明，AMP和EtoH对抑制反应的能力有特定和独特的影响。抑制反应的能力受损被认为反映了某种形式的冲动。
Little is known about the acute effects of psychoactive drugs on impulsivity and decision making in humans. This study examined the effects of d-amphetamine (AMP; 10 and 20 mg; N = 20) and ethanol (EtOH; 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/kg; N = 17) on the stop task, a putative measure of behavioral inhibition and impulsivity in healthy human volunteers. The stop task provides a measure of the reaction time (RT) needed to inhibit a response (Stop RT [SRT]), relative to the time taken to execute a simple response (Go RT [GRT]). Healthy volunteers performed the stop task before and after receiving one of the drugs. AMP decreased SRT-that is, improved inhibition-only in participants with slow baseline SRTs. EtOH increased SRTs-that is, impaired inhibition-at doses that did not affect GRTs. These results suggest that AMP and EtOH have specific and distinctive effects on the ability to inhibit responses. Impairment in the ability to inhibit responses is thought to reflect a certain form of impulsivity.