Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources
Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0905235106
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发表时间：
2009-09-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Nichols, Peter D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Naylor, Rosamond L.;Hardy, Ronald W.;Nichols, Peter D.
水产养殖业对饲料渔业的压力仍然存在激烈的争议。这篇文章回顾了工业水产饲料中鱼粉和鱼油的使用趋势，表明随着水产养殖产量的增加和对长链omega-3油含量高的鱼类的需求，包含率降低，但总使用量增加。整个水产养殖部门的野生渔业投入与养殖鱼产量的比率已降至0.63，但大西洋鲑鱼的比率仍高达5.0。根据相对价格和消费者的接受程度，各种植物和动物替代品现已用于或可用于工业化水产饲料，单细胞生物取代鱼油的前景是光明的。有了适当的经济和监管激励，向替代饲料的转变可能会加快，为达成水产养殖正在帮助海洋、而不是耗尽海洋的共识铺平道路。
Aquaculture's pressure on forage fisheries remains hotly contested. This article reviews trends in fishmeal and fish oil use in industrial aquafeeds, showing reduced inclusion rates but greater total use associated with increased aquaculture production and demand for fish high in long-chain omega-3 oils. The ratio of wild fisheries inputs to farmed fish output has fallen to 0.63 for the aquaculture sector as a whole but remains as high as 5.0 for Atlantic salmon. Various plant-and animal-based alternatives are now used or available for industrial aquafeeds, depending on relative prices and consumer acceptance, and the outlook for single-cell organisms to replace fish oil is promising. With appropriate economic and regulatory incentives, the transition toward alternative feedstuffs could accelerate, paving the way for a consensus that aquaculture is aiding the ocean, not depleting it.