Maternal phthalate exposure during pregnancy and testis function of young adult sons
Maternal phthalate exposure during pregnancy and testis function of young adult sons
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161914
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发表时间：
2023-02-09
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Main, Katharina M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henriksen, Louise Scheutz;Frederiksen, Hanne;Main, Katharina M.
背景：胎儿时期接触邻苯二甲酸盐可能会扰乱睾丸发育。与此相一致的是，研究发现，如果母亲在怀孕期间接触了较高水平的某些邻苯二甲酸盐，那么男婴的肛门生殖器距离会缩短，阴茎尺寸会减小，激素水平会发生变化。很少有研究探讨这种不良影响是否会在成年后持续存在。因此，我们的目的是探讨胎儿邻苯二甲酸盐暴露与年轻成年男性睾丸功能标志物之间是否存在关联。方法：在丹麦哥本哈根的纵向母子队列中，我们检查了 100 名年轻男性，他们的母亲在怀孕期间抽取了血清并分析了 34 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物。对 18-20 岁的年轻男性进行检查，包括测量成年睾丸功能标志物（生殖激素、阴茎大小、肛门生殖器距离 (AGD)、睾丸体积、精液质量）和生长因子。使用多元线性回归测试了母体血清中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度与年轻男性生殖指标之间的关联。结果：最一致的是，较高的母亲邻苯二甲酸盐暴露与较高的黄体生成素（LH）相关，但成年儿子的睾酮水平不变。同样，较高的母亲暴露水平与成年儿子较低的总睾酮和游离睾酮/LH 比率相关。例如，两倍高的母亲 MiNP 与游离睾酮/LH 比率降低 7.9% (95% CI 1.6-13.8) 相关。之间没有一致的关联模式
Background: Phthalate exposure during fetal life may disrupt testicular development. Congruent with this, studies have found shorter anogenital distance, reduced penile size and altered hormone levels in infant boys whose mothers were exposed to higher levels of some phthalates during pregnancy. Few studies have explored if such adverse effects persist in adulthood. Thus, we aimed to explore if there is an association between fetal phthalate exposure and markers of testicular function in young adult men. Methods: In a longitudinal mother-child cohort from Copenhagen, Denmark, we examined 100 young men whose mothers during pregnancy had serum drawn and analyzed for 34 phthalate metabolites. Examinations of the young men took place at 18-20 years of age and included measurements of adult markers of testicular function (reproductive hormones, penile size, anogenital distance (AGD), testis volume, semen quality) and growth factors. Associations between maternal serum concentrations of phthalate metabolites and reproductive measures in the young men were tested using multiple linear regression. Results: Most consistently, higher maternal phthalate exposure was associated with higher luteinizing hormone (LH) but unchanged testosterone in adult sons. Congruently, higher maternal exposure was associated with lower total and free testosterone/LH ratios in adult sons. For example, twice as high maternal MiNP was associated with a 7.9 % (95 % CI 1.6-13.8) lower free testosterone/LH ratio. There was no consistent pattern of associations between