Water resource management in Japan: Forest management or dam reservoirs?
Water resource management in Japan: Forest management or dam reservoirs?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.10.011
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
H. Komatsu;T. Kume;K. Otsuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Komatsu;T. Kume;K. Otsuki
日本的研究人员和记者最近提出，将森林管理作为水坝水库开发的替代方案，用于水资源管理。为了检验该建议的有效性，我们比较了由于森林砍伐和大坝水库开发导致的潜在低流量增加。在这里，我们把森林采伐作为各种森林经营的末端成员。我们首先分析了五个流域的径流数据，发现年降水量与森林砍伐导致的低流量增加呈正相关。然后，我们使用日本45个大坝水库的流入和流出数据，检查了由于大坝水库开发（dQd）而导致的低流量率的增加。利用年降水量与森林砍伐引起的低流量增加之间的关系，我们估算了在森林被砍伐的情况下，每个水坝水库流域的潜在低流量增加（dQf）。45个样本中只有6个样本满足dQf>dQd，表明在大多数情况下，由于森林砍伐导致的低流量潜在增加小于大坝水库开发带来的增加。在45个样本中，有25个样本满足dQf<0.2 dQd，这表明在超过一半的样本中，森林砍伐导致的潜在低流量增加不到大坝水库开发导致的潜在低流量增加的20%。因此，在水资源管理方面，森林管理远不如日本的水坝水库开发有效。
Researchers and journalists in Japan recently proposed forest management as an alternative to dam reservoir development for water resource management. To examine the validity of the proposal, we compared the potential low-flow increase due to forest clearcutting with the increase due to dam reservoir development. Here, we focused on forest clearcutting as an end member among various types of forest management. We first analyzed runoff data for five catchments and found a positive correlation between annual precipitation and the low-flow increase due to deforestation. We then examined the increase in low-flow rates due to dam reservoir development (dQd) using inflow and outflow data for 45 dam reservoirs across Japan. Using the relationship between annual precipitation and the low-flow increase due to deforestation, we estimated the potential increase in the low-flow rate for each dam reservoir watershed if forests in the watershed were clearcut (dQf). Only 6 of the 45 samples satisfied dQf>dQd, indicating that the potential increase in the low-flow rate due to forest clearcutting was less than the increase due to dam reservoir development in most cases. Twenty-five of the 45 samples satisfied dQf<0.2 dQd, indicating the potential increase in the low-flow rate due to forest clearcutting was less than 20% of the increase due to dam reservoir development in more than half the cases. Therefore, forest management is far less effective for water resource management than dam reservoir development is in Japan.