An Overview of the HYSPLIT_4 Modelling System for Trajectories, Dispersion, and Deposition
An Overview of the HYSPLIT_4 Modelling System for Trajectories, Dispersion, and Deposition
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发表时间：
1998
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通讯作者：
R. Draxler
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作者：
R. Draxler
HYSPLIT_4（HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory）模式是为快速响应大气紧急情况、诊断案例研究或使用先前网格化的气象数据进行气候分析而设计的。计算可以在多个气象网格上顺序执行，使用存档或预报数据字段从精细到粗略的分辨率。空气浓度计算将污染物种类的质量与喷流、颗粒或两者的组合的释放相关联。根据垂直扩散率廓线、风切变和风场的水平形变计算扩散率。空气浓度是在特定的网格点计算的，用于抽吸，并作为颗粒的单元平均浓度。ACE气球轨迹，空气浓度从ANATEX示踪剂实验，放射性沉积从切尔诺贝利事故，和卫星照片的拉包尔火山喷发的模型结果进行评估。模型结果的一个共同特点是对垂直大气结构的敏感性;由于风速和风向的强烈梯度，在接近地面时，根据高度计算的轨迹，相对于垂直混合率的空气浓度，以及由于污染物的垂直分布而产生的沉积。
The HYSPLIT_4 (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model is designed for quick response to atmospheric emergencies, diagnostic case studies, or climatological analyses using previously gridded meteorological data. Calculations may be performed sequentially on multiple meteorological grids, going from fine to coarse resolution using either archive or forecast data fields. Air concentration calculations associate the mass of the pollutant species with the release of either puffs, particles, or a combination of both. The dispersion rate is calculated from the vertical diffusivity profile, wind shear, and horizontal deformation of the wind field. Air concentrations are calculated at a specific grid point for puffs and as cell-average concentrations for particles. The model results are evaluated against ACE balloon trajectories, air concentrations from the ANATEX tracer experiment, radiological deposition from the Chernobyl accident, and satellite photographs of the Rabaul volcanic eruption. One common feature of the model results was their sensitivity to the vertical atmospheric structure; trajectories in terms of their height when near ground-level due to the strong gradients of wind speed and direction, air concentrations with respect to the rate of vertical mixing, and deposition as a result of the vertical distribution of the pollutant.