A dated molecular phylogeny for the Chironomidae (Diptera)
A dated molecular phylogeny for the Chironomidae (Diptera)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00603.x
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Morse, Geoffrey E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cranston, Peter S.;Hardy, Nate B.;Morse, Geoffrey E.
我们提供了第一个高度采样的双翅类摇蚊科摇蚊基因的分子数据片段的两个核糖体基因（18S和28S），一个核蛋白编码基因（CAD），和一个线粒体蛋白编码基因（COI），使用混合模型贝叶斯和最大似然推断方法进行分析。最近描述的亚科Chilenomyiinae和Usambaromyiinae被证明是难以捉摸的，并且没有采样。我们确认单系的所有采样亚科，除了Prodiamesinae，其中包含Propsilocerus Kieffer，以前在Orthocladiinae。只有在Telmatogetoninae被包括在内时，才能确认半家族的Chironomoinae，这更接近Brundin最初的建议。Buchonomyiinae被排除在摇蚊亚科之外：它是所有剩余摇蚊科的姐妹群，更符合Murray和Ashe的论点。半家族Tanypodoinae是一个等级和不支持的单系：南部Aphroteniinae单独是姐妹所有摇蚊科（少Buchonomyiinae）。Podonominae被弱支持为下一个姐妹群，与一些估计相反，将这个亚科作为Tanypodinae单独的姐妹群。在Diamesinae中，南部非洲的Harrisonini被确认为成员，但嵌入在南部部落Heptagiini中，该部落被确认为样本不足的Diamesini的姐妹。Pentaculini族和非Pentaculini族在Tanypodinae中是单系的。最近的分子研究结果证实，与单系部落Podonomini，Boreochlini形成一个等级和Lasiodiamesa Kieffer放置为姐妹所有其他Podonominae，但与不确定性。在Orthocladiinae中，一个假设的Orthocladiini和Metriocnemini两族系统可以在排除Corynoneura组和Brillia组后得到支持，这被认为是Stictocladius Edwards的姐妹。海洋的Clunio Haliday和Thalassosmittia Strenzke & Remmert（在过去被赋予高等级）显然深深地嵌入了Orthocladiinae。Shangomyia Sother & Wang + Xyiaomyia Siather & Wang是所有其他摇蚊亚科的姐妹群的发现证明了他们的作者提出的高等级。Pseudochironomini（未经抽样不足测试）是单系Tanytarsini的姐妹（与神秘的Nandeva Wiedenbrug，Reiss & Fittkau弱支持的包含）。摇蚊族只有排除Shangomyia + Xyiaomyia才能得到支持，并假设一个单系分支，包括几个分类群，如Microtendipes Kieffer，具有六节幼虫触角和交替的Lauterborn器官，这是Pseudochironomini + Tanytarsini的姐妹群。由分歧时间分析（beast）推断的该科的多样性的克里思，显示二叠纪起源与亚科茎组起源从中晚三叠世到早白垩世。冠组起源范围从Podonominae的短茎起源于中侏罗世的长茎Aphroteninae从晚白垩世。节点日期允许通过冈瓦纳分裂，包括涉及南部非洲的某些节点的一些vicariance的推断。
We provide the first highly sampled phylogeny estimate for the dipteran family Chironomidae using molecular data from fragments of two ribosomal genes (18S and 28S), one nuclear protein-coding gene (CAD), and one mitochondrial protein-coding gene (COI), analysed using mixed-model Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference methods. The most recently described subfamilies Chilenomyiinae and Usambaromyiinae proved elusive, and are unsampled. We confirm monophyly of all sampled subfamilies except Prodiamesinae, which contains Propsilocerus Kieffer, previously in Orthocladiinae. The semifamily Chironomoinae is confirmed only if Telmatogetoninae is included, which is closer to Brundin's original suggestion. Buchonomyiinae is excluded from Chironomoinae: it is a sister group to all remaining Chironomidae, conforming more to Murray and Ashe's argumentation. Semifamily Tanypodoinae is a grade and unsupported as monophyletic: the austral Aphroteniinae alone is sister to all Chironomidae (less Buchonomyiinae). Podonominae is weakly supported as the next sister group, in contrast to some estimates that place this subfamily as sister group to Tanypodinae alone. In Diamesinae, the southern African Harrisonini is confirmed as a member, but embedded within austral tribe Heptagiini, which is confirmed as sister to the undersampled Diamesini. Tribe Pentaneurini and non-Pentaneurini taxa are reciprocally monophyletic in Tanypodinae. Recent molecular findings concerning Podonominae are substantiated, with a monophyletic tribe Podonomini, Boreochlini forming a grade and Lasiodiamesa Kieffer placed as sister to all other Podonominae, but with uncertainty. In Orthocladiinae, a postulated two-tribe system of Orthocladiini and Metriocnemini can be supported after exclusion of a Corynoneura group and a Brillia group, which is revealed as sister to Stictocladius Edwards. The marine Clunio Haliday and Thalassosmittia Strenzke & Remmert (given high rank in the past) are clearly embedded deep in Orthocladiinae. The finding of Shangomyia S oe ther & Wang + Xyiaomyia Siather & Wang as sister group to all other Chironominae justifies high rank, as their authors suggested. Pseudochironomini (untested by sampling shortfall) is sister to a monophyletic Tanytarsini (with a weakly supported inclusion of the enigmatic Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss & Fittkau). The tribe Chironomini can be supported only by excluding Shangomyia + Xyiaomyia, and a postulated monophyletic clade comprising several taxa such as Microtendipes Kieffer, with six-segmented larval antennae and alternate Lauterborn organs, that is sister group to Pseudochironomini + Tanytarsini. The tempo of diversification of the family, deduced by divergence time analysis (beast), shows Permian origination with subfamily stem-group origination from the midlate Triassic to the early Cretaceous. Crown-group origination ranged from Podonominae on a short stem originating in the mid Jurassic to long-stemmed Aphroteninae from the late Cretaceous. Node dates allow inference of some vicariance via Gondwanan fragmentation, including certain nodes involving southern Africa.