EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX, CELL SKELETONS, AND EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT
EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX, CELL SKELETONS, AND EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT
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DOI：
10.1002/ajmg.1320340107
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发表时间：
1989-09-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
HAY, ED
中科院分区：
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作者：
HAY, ED
在胚胎发育过程中，细胞外基质（ECM）促进上皮细胞分化产物的产生和间充质细胞的迁移，并可能在上皮-间充质转化中发挥作用。在这里，我们研究的作用，细胞骨架（肌动蛋白，微管，中间丝）在介导基质间充质细胞形态，迁移和形成的影响。上皮细胞和间充质细胞与ECM的相互作用似乎涉及肌动蛋白皮质，肌动蛋白皮质在上皮细胞的基底中发育得最好，在那里它通过膜嵌入受体附着到下面的基质上。为了与基质相互作用，成纤维细胞具有适当的ECM受体和围绕整个细胞的肌动蛋白皮质。肌动蛋白皮质对于双极形状的假设、延伸和在基质中的运动是绝对必要的。由于皮质似乎锚定在基质上，因此它不太可能在细胞迁移期间移动。一个新的假说指出，含有细胞核的富含微管和中间丝的内质网穿过肌动蛋白皮质-受体-基质复合物进入间充质细胞新合成的前端，以实现向前运动。当上皮细胞在胚胎中转化为间充质时，或者当它们在体外被诱导这样做时，它们从角蛋白中间丝轮廓切换到富含波形蛋白的轮廓，并且细胞基质相互作用对细胞形状的影响被深刻地改变。波形蛋白-肌动蛋白与ECM的相互作用可能是细胞成为间充质的能力的主要因素。总之，我们推测上皮-间充质转化涉及一整套组织特异性效应基因，其表达可能由主基因系统介导。
During embryonic development, the extracellular matrix (ECM) promotes the production of differentiated products by epithelial cells and the migration of mesenchymal cells, and probably also plays a role in epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation. Here we examine the role of the cell skeleton (actin, microtubules, intermediate filaments) in mediating matrix effects on mesenchymal cell morphology, migration, and formation. The interaction of both epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells with ECM seems to involve the actin cortex, which is best developed in the base of the epithelial cell, where it attaches to underlying matrix via membrane‐intercalated receptors. To interact with the matrix, the fibroblast has appropriate ECM receptors and an actin cortex around the whole cell. The actin cortex is absolutely required for assumption of bipolar shape, elongation, and movement through the matrix. Since the cortex seems to be anchored to the matrix, it is unlikely that it moves during cell migration. A new hypothesis states that the microtubule‐ and intermediate filament‐rich endoplasm, containing the nucleus, moves past the actin cortex‐receptor‐matrix complex into the newly synthesized front end of the mesenchymal cell to effect forward movement. When epithelial cells transform into mesenchyme in the embryo, or when they are induced to do this in vitro, they switch from the keratin intermediate filament profile to one rich in vimentin, and the effect of cell matrix interaction on cell shape is profoundly altered. Vimentin‐actin interactions with ECM may be a major factor in the ability of a cell to become mesenchyma In concluding, we speculate that epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation involves a whole set of tissue specific effector genes whose expression might be mediated by a master gene system.