E-cigarette availability, price promotions and marketing at the point-of sale in the contiguous United States (2014-2015): National estimates and multilevel correlates
E-cigarette availability, price promotions and marketing at the point-of sale in the contiguous United States (2014-2015): National estimates and multilevel correlates
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101152
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Ribisl, Kurt M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Angelo, Heather;Rose, Shyanika W.;Ribisl, Kurt M.
电子烟（e-cigarette）的销售和使用迅速增加，但销售点电子烟的可用性和营销研究不足。我们估计了美国烟草零售商电子烟供应和营销的变化，以及与邻里特征的关联。2014年和2015年，对美国烟草零售商的全国样本进行了审计（分别为n = 1，905和n = 2，126），以观察电子烟的可用性和营销（标志，广告，展示和促销），并生成全国流行率估计值。使用多水平混合效应广义线性模型分析了2015年电子烟可用性、价格促销和外部广告的商店、社区和州水平相关性。2014年，电子烟在零售商中的销售率为72.0%，2015年为79.2%。价格促销从11.9%上升到20.2%。在2012年没有销售电子烟的零售商中，2015年黑人居民比例最高的社区的零售商的可用性更高（与最低相比）。电子烟价格促销在西班牙裔居民较多的社区更为普遍，而外部电子烟营销在黑人居民较多的社区更为普遍。州吸烟率与电子烟的可用性、促销和广告呈正相关。电子烟销售点的可用性和营销在2014年至2015年期间有所增加，并在2012年至2015年期间扩展到黑人居民比例较高的社区。位于吸烟率高的州内的居民似乎是电子烟营销的目标。随着电子烟成为更多法规的目标，了解电子烟零售环境的变化对于制定规范其销售和营销的潜在政策至关重要。
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) sales and use have increased rapidly, yet point-of-sale e-cigarette availability and marketing is understudied. We estimated changes in e-cigarette availability and marketing among tobacco retailers in the U.S., and associations with neighborhood characteristics. A national sample of tobacco retailers in the Contiguous U.S. was audited in 2014 and 2015 (n = 1,905 and n = 2,126, respectively) to observe e-cigarette availability and marketing (signs, ads, displays and promotions) and generate national prevalence estimates. Store, neighborhood and state level correlates of 2015 e-cigarette availability, price promotions and exterior advertising were analyzed using multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models. E-cigarettes were sold at 72.0% of retailers in 2014 and at 79.2% in 2015. Price promotions increased from 11.9% to 20.2% of retailers. Among retailers that did not previously sell e-cigarettes in 2012, availability in 2015 was greater for retailers in neighborhoods with the highest proportion of Black residents (vs. lowest). E-cigarette price promotions were more prevalent in neighborhoods with more Hispanic residents, while exterior e-cigarette marketing was more prevalent in neighborhoods with more Black residents. State smoking prevalence was positively associated with e-cigarette availability, promotions and advertising. E-cigarette point-of-sale availability and marketing increased between 2014 and 2015 and expanded to neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Black residents between 2012 and 2015. Retailers located within states with high smoking prevalence appear to be targeted by e-cigarette marketing. As e-cigarettes become the target of more regulations, understanding changes in the e-cigarette retail environment is critical to inform potential policies regulating their sale and marketing.