On the origin and evolutionary diversification of beetle horns
On the origin and evolutionary diversification of beetle horns
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0701209104
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发表时间：
2007-05-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ewen-Campen, Ben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Emlen, Douglas J.;Lavine, Laura Corley;Ewen-Campen, Ben
许多圣甲虫从身体上长出坚硬的突起物，称为角。几个世纪以来，这些结构的夸张尺寸和形式的惊人多样性给生物学家留下了深刻的印象。最近的比较研究使用DNA序列为基础的同源性已经开始重建甲虫角进化的历史模式。与此同时，发育遗传实验已经开始阐明甲虫角如何生长以及角的生长如何响应环境变量（如营养）。我们将这两种观点结合在一起，以表明它们在甲虫进化方面得出了非常相似的结论。角似乎并不是很难获得或失去的结构，它们可以在形式上戏剧性地迅速分化。虽然这项工作大部分仍然是初步的，我们利用现有的信息，提出了一个概念发展模型的主要轨迹的甲虫角进化。我们说明了角的进化起源和角的位置，形状，异速生长和二形性的演变的潜在机制。
Many scarab beetles produce rigid projections from the body called horns. The exaggerated sizes of these structures and the staggering diversity of their forms have impressed biologists for centuries. Recent comparative studies using DNA sequence-based phylogenies have begun to reconstruct the historical patterns of beetle horn evolution. At the same time, developmental genetic experiments have begun to elucidate how beetle horns grow and how horn growth is modulated in response to environmental variables, such as nutrition. We bring together these two perspectives to show that they converge on very similar conclusions regarding beetle evolution. Horns do not appear to be difficult structures to gain or lose, and they can diverge both dramatically and rapidly in form. Although much of this work is still preliminary, we use available information to propose a conceptual developmental model for the major trajectories of beetle horn evolution. We illustrate putative mechanisms underlying the evolutionary origin of horns and the evolution of horn location, shape, allometry, and dimorphism.