Influence of flexibility and variability of working hours on health and well-being
Influence of flexibility and variability of working hours on health and well-being
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DOI：
10.1080/07420520601087491
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Akerstedt, Torbjorn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costa, Giovanni;Sartori, Samantha;Akerstedt, Torbjorn
灵活的工作时间可以有多种含义，并且可以通过多种方式安排以适合工人和/或雇主。 “灵活”工作时间安排的两个方面被考虑：一方面更多地受到公司的控制和决定（可变性），另一方面更多地与个人的自由裁量权和自主权（灵活性）相关。该研究的目的是分析这两个维度与健康和福祉的关系，同时考虑到与人口统计以及工作和社会条件相关的一些相关背景变量的相互作用。使用了 2000 年进行的第三次欧洲工作条件调查的数据集，涉及 21,505 名工人。通过多元逻辑回归分析测试了十九种健康障碍和四种心理社会状况，其中计算了年龄、性别、婚姻状况、子女数量、职业、就业方式、轮班工作、夜间工作、时间压力、精神和体力工作量、工作满意度和参与工作组织的相互调整优势比。工作时间的灵活性和可变性似乎与健康和心理社会福祉呈负相关：最有利的影响与较高的灵活性和较低的可变性相关。对十二个干预变量相互作用的分析表明，体力劳动、年龄和灵活性是影响健康和福祉的三个最重要因素。灵活性成为影响工作满意度的最重要因素；二是影响家庭和社会承诺以及60岁时从事同样工作的能力，以及创伤、整体疲劳、烦躁和头痛；第三个影响心脏病、胃痛、焦虑、受伤以及因工作而健康受到威胁的感觉。可变性是影响家庭和社会承诺的第三个最重要的因素。此外，轮班和夜间工作已被证实对睡眠、消化和心血管疾病以及工作中的健康和安全有重大影响。时间压力也显示出对个人压力和社交生活的相关影响。因此，旨在支持工人的应对策略的灵活工作时间的适当安排似乎对工人的健康和福祉具有明显的有益影响，在公司和社会层面也产生积极的影响，正如更高的“能够工作到60岁的感觉”所证明的那样。
Flexible working hours can have several meanings and can be arranged in a number of ways to suit the worker and/or employer. Two aspects of "flexible" arrangement of working hours were considered: one more subjected to company control and decision (variability) and one more connected to individual discretion and autonomy (flexibility). The aim of the study was to analyze these two dimensions in relation to health and well-being, taking into consideration the interaction with some relevant background variables related to demographics plus working and social conditions. The dataset of the Third European Survey on working conditions, conducted in 2000 and involving 21,505 workers, was used. Nineteen health disorders and four psycho-social conditions were tested by means of multiple logistic regression analysis, in which mutually adjusted odds ratios were calculated for age, gender, marital status, number of children, occupation, mode of employment, shift work, night work, time pressure, mental and physical workload, job satisfaction, and participation in work organization. The flexibility and variability of working hours appeared inversely related to health and psycho-social well-being: the most favorable effects were associated with higher flexibility and lower variability. The analysis of the interactions with the twelve intervening variables showed that physical work, age, and flexibility are the three most important factors affecting health and well-being. Flexibility resulted as the most important factor to influence work satisfaction; the second to affect family and social commitment and the ability to do the same job when 60 years old, as well as trauma, overall fatigue, irritability, and headache; and the third to influence heart disease, stomachache, anxiety, injury, and the feeling that health being at risk because of work. Variability was the third most important factor influencing family and social commitments. Moreover, shift and night work confirmed to have a significant influence on sleep, digestive and cardiovascular troubles, as well and health and safety at work. Time pressure also showed a relevant influence, both on individual stress and social life. Therefore, suitable arrangements of flexible working time, aimed at supporting workers' coping strategies, appear to have a clear beneficial effect on worker health and well-being, with positive consequences also at the company and social level, as evidenced by the higher "feeling to be able to work until 60 years of age".