Global Energetics of Solar Flares. V. Energy Closure in Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections
Global Energetics of Solar Flares. V. Energy Closure in Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections
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DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/17
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发表时间：
2017-02-10
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Xu, Yan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aschwanden, Markus J.;Caspi, Amir;Xu, Yan
在这项研究中，我们综合了四个以前的研究结果的太阳耀斑和相关的日冕物质抛射（CME），其中包括磁，热，非热，和CME能量在399个太阳M-和X-级耀斑事件在第一个3.5年的太阳动力学观测站（SDO）的使命。我们的研究结果如下。(1)耀斑加速粒子的平均非热能量（E-nt）、直接加热能量（E-dir）和日冕物质抛射能量（E-CME）之和是耀斑的主要能量耗散过程，它们的比值为（E-nt + E-dir + ECME）/E-mag = 0.87 +/- 0.18，与耗散的磁自由能E-mag相比，这证实了能量封闭的测量不确定性，并证实了耀斑和日冕物质抛射的磁起源。(2)耗散磁自由能的能量分配是：0.51 +/- 0.17在>= 6 keV电子的非热能中，0.17 +/- 0.17在非热能>= 1 MeV离子中，0.07 +/- 0.14在CME中，0.07 +/- 0.17在直接加热中。(3)热能几乎总是小于非热能，这与厚靶模型一致。(4)白光耀斑的热光度与软X射线（SXR）的热能相当。(5)太阳高能粒子事件携带的能量约为CME能量的0.03，这与CME驱动的激波加速一致。(6)根据耀斑期间微分发射测量的平均峰值温度T-e = 8.6 MK，热目标模型预测e（c）处的低能截止下限约为6 keV。这项工作是第一个统计研究，建立在太阳耀斑/CME事件的能量关闭。
In this study we synthesize the results of four previous studies on the global energetics of solar flares and associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which include magnetic, thermal, nonthermal, and CME energies in 399 solar M-and X-class flare events observed during the first 3.5 yr of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission. Our findings are as follows. (1) The sum of the mean nonthermal energy of flare-accelerated particles (E-nt), the energy of direct heating (E-dir), and the energy in CMEs (E-CME), which are the primary energy dissipation processes in a flare, is found to have a ratio of (E-nt + E-dir + ECME)/E-mag = 0.87 +/- 0.18, compared with the dissipated magnetic free energy E-mag, which confirms energy closure within the measurement uncertainties and corroborates the magnetic origin of flares and CMEs. (2) The energy partition of the dissipated magnetic free energy is: 0.51 +/- 0.17 in nonthermal energy of >= 6 keV electrons, 0.17 +/- 0.17 in nonthermal >= 1 MeV ions, 0.07 +/- 0.14 in CMEs, and 0.07 +/- 0.17 in direct heating. (3) The thermal energy is almost always less than the nonthermal energy, which is consistent with the thick-target model. (4) The bolometric luminosity in white-light flares is comparable to the thermal energy in soft X-rays (SXR). (5) Solar energetic particle events carry a fraction approximate to 0.03 of the CME energy, which is consistent with CME-driven shock acceleration. (6) The warm-target model predicts a lower limit of the low-energy cutoff at e(c) approximate to 6 keV, based on the mean peak temperature of the differential emission measure of T-e = 8.6MK during flares. This work represents the first statistical study that establishes energy closure in solar flare/CME events.