The economic consequences of conserving or restoring sites for nature
The economic consequences of conserving or restoring sites for nature
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DOI：
10.1038/s41893-021-00692-9
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发表时间：
2021-03-08
影响因子：
27.6
通讯作者：
Balmford, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bradbury, Richard B.;Butchart, Stuart H. M.;Balmford, Andrew
大自然为人类提供了许多好处，但关于个别地点的变化如何影响生态系统服务提供的净价值的数据很少。2002年的一项审查发现，只有五项分析比较了保护自然与追求替代的、更密集的人类利用的净经济效益。在这里，我们重新审视这一关键的比较，综合来自全球62个地点的最新数据。在对服务进行经济估算的24个案例中，保护或恢复效益（例如，温室气体管制、防洪）往往超过推动改变为替代状态的私人效益（例如，农业或伐木业的利润）。随着碳的社会成本的增加，净效益迅速上升。所有62个地点的定性数据表明，额外服务的货币化将进一步扩大差距。虽然保护和恢复并没有普遍提供更大的净价值比替代状态，在一个大的，地理和上下文不同的样本，我们的研究结果表明，在目前的栖息地转换水平，保护和恢复网站通常有利于人类的繁荣。大自然造福人类的方式多种多样，但对保护或恢复与密集使用的相对价值的见解是有限的。这项研究综合了全球62个地点的数据，发现保护和恢复的好处往往超过私人的好处，而且这些好处随着碳的社会成本而增加。
Nature provides many benefits for people, yet there are few data on how changes at individual sites impact the net value of ecosystem service provision. A 2002 review found only five analyses comparing the net economic benefits of conserving nature versus pursuing an alternative, more intensive human use. Here we revisit this crucial comparison, synthesizing recent data from 62 sites worldwide. In 24 cases with economic estimates of services, conservation or restoration benefits (for example, greenhouse gas regulation, flood protection) tend to outweigh those private benefits (for example, profits from agriculture or logging) driving change to the alternative state. Net benefits rise rapidly with increasing social cost of carbon. Qualitative data from all 62 sites suggest that monetization of additional services would further increase the difference. Although conservation and restoration did not universally provide greater net value than the alternative state, across a large, geographically and contextually diverse sample, our findings indicate that at current levels of habitat conversion, conserving and restoring sites typically benefits human prosperity.Nature benefits people in diverse ways, but insight on the relative value of conserving or restoring versus using intensively is limited. Synthesizing data from 62 sites worldwide, this study finds benefits from conservation and restoration often outweighing private ones and that these rise with the social cost of carbon.