Seasonal Occurrence of Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Northern Kyushu and Mechanisms of Its Summer Disappearance
Seasonal Occurrence of Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Northern Kyushu and Mechanisms of Its Summer Disappearance
复制标题
九州北部黑瘤蚜（半翅目：蚜科）的季节发生及其夏季消失的机制
DOI：
10.1093/ee/nvv173
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
M. Tokuda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shuhei Adachi;S. Shirahama;M. Tokuda
摘要昆虫种群动态的调控机制对保护生物学和害虫防治具有重要意义。蚜虫Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum（Olive）原产于北美，于20世纪80年代末引入日本。以前的一项研究表明，在日本，蚜虫种群密度在春季增加，但在仲夏，它们突然从低海拔地区消失（称为“夏季消失”）。然而，整个季节在山区连续发现蚜虫。通过田间调查、田间和室内试验，阐明了这种种群动态的机制。虽然春季蚜虫数量增加，但在初夏，低地和山区蚜虫数量迅速减少。在实验室条件下，捕食性天敌密度在生长季达到峰值，寄主植物高度达到60-80 cm，抑制了蚜虫的繁殖，从而导致蚜虫种群数量的迅速下降，这是自上而下和自下而上两种作用的结果。盛夏，当低地地区最高气温达到35° C时，蚜虫从低地地区消失。实验室实验表明，蚜虫在35° C下无法存活。此外，夏季田间试验表明，美国玉米对小麦的抗性较好。无论食蚜瓢虫的存在与否，nigrotuberculatum都消失了，并且即使在实验室实验中的高大植物处理中，蚜虫也没有消失。这些结果强烈地表明，低地地区的高温导致了夏季U. nigrotuberculatum。因此，美国的人口密度。不同季节和海拔高度的黑瘤病受不同因素的调控。
Abstract Regulation mechanisms of insect population dynamics are important for conservation biology and insect pest management. The aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Olive), native to North America, was introduced into Japan in the late 1980s. A previous study revealed that, in Japan, the aphid population densities increased in spring, but they suddenly disappeared from low-elevation areas in midsummer (called “summer disappearance”). However, the aphids were found continuously in a mountainous area throughout the season. Field investigations and field and laboratory experiments were conducted to clarify the mechanism of such population dynamics. Although the number of aphids increased in spring, they rapidly decreased in lowland and mountainous areas in early summer. Both top-down and bottom-up effects seemed to contribute to the rapid decline because the density of predators peaked in the growing season and the host plant height reached 60–80 cm, which suppressed the reproduction of aphids in our laboratory experiment. Then the aphids disappeared from lowland areas in midsummer when the maximum air temperature reached 35° C there. The laboratory experiment revealed that the aphid does not survive at 35° C. In addition, our field experiment in summer showed that U. nigrotuberculatum disappeared regardless of the presence or absence of an aphidophagous coccinellid, and the aphids did not disappear even on the tall plant treatment in the laboratory experiment. These results strongly suggest that high temperature in lowland areas causes the summer disappearance of U. nigrotuberculatum. Therefore, the population density of U. nigrotuberculatum is regulated by different factors between seasons and altitudes.