Infants' physical knowledge affects their change detection.
Infants' physical knowledge affects their change detection.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00477.x
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发表时间：
2006-03
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Su-hua Wang;R. Baillargeon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Su-hua Wang;R. Baillargeon
先前的研究表明，婴儿参加了一个事件类别中的变量时，他们已经确定它为相关的预测结果的类别，婴儿识别变量的年龄在很大程度上取决于他们暴露于适当的观察年龄。因此，根据暴露的年龄，婴儿可能会在不同的事件类别中识别不同年龄的相同变量。一个很好的例子是可变高度，在闭塞事件中约3.5个月时确定，但在覆盖事件中仅在约12个月时确定，在管事件中仅在14个月时确定。在本实验中，11个月大的婴儿在遮挡事件中检测到物体高度的变化，但在覆盖事件中没有检测到物体高度的变化，12.5个月大的婴儿在覆盖事件中检测到类似的变化，但在管事件中没有检测到物体高度的变化。因此，在高度被确定为相关变量的事件中，婴儿成功地检测到了物体高度的变化，但在另一个高度尚未被确定为相关变量的事件中，婴儿却未能检测到完全相同的变化。这些发现提供了证据，表明婴儿的物理知识会影响他们在物理事件中发现的变化。这些研究结果的可能机制也进行了讨论，在最近的帐户变化检测成人。
Prior research suggests that infants attend to a variable in an event category when they have identified it as relevant for predicting outcomes in the category, and that the age at which infants identify a variable depends largely on the age at which they are exposed to appropriate observations. Thus, depending on age of exposure, infants may identify the same variable at different ages in different event categories. A good case in point is the variable height, which is identified at about 3.5 months in occlusion events, but only at about 12 months in covering events and 14 months in tube events. In the present experiments, 11-month-olds detected a change to an object's height in an occlusion but not a covering event, and 12.5-month-olds detected a similar change in a covering but not a tube event. Thus, infants succeeded in detecting a change to an object's height in an event where height had been identified as a relevant variable, but failed to detect the exact same change in another event where height had not yet been identified as a relevant variable. These findings provide evidence that infants' physical knowledge affects which changes they detect in physical events. Possible mechanisms underlying these findings are also discussed, in light of recent accounts of change detection in adults.