Trends in anthropogenic mercury emissions in China from 1995 to 2003.
Trends in anthropogenic mercury emissions in China from 1995 to 2003.
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DOI：
10.1021/es060406x
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发表时间：
2006-08
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Ye Wu;Shuxiao Wang;D. Streets;J. Hao;M. Chan;Jingkun Jiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ye Wu;Shuxiao Wang;D. Streets;J. Hao;M. Chan;Jingkun Jiang
我们编制了1995年至2003年中国人为汞排放的多年清单。我们估计，1995-2003年期间，所有人为源的汞排放总量以年均2.9%的速度增加，2003年达到696 (+/- 307)t， Hg2+为395 t， Hg2+为230 t， Hg为70 t (p)。随着有色金属产量和煤炭消费量的持续增长，有色金属冶炼和煤炭燃烧仍然是中国汞的两大主要来源。在过去十年中，有色金属冶炼和煤炭燃烧共同贡献了约80%的汞排放总量。煤炭燃烧产生的汞排放量从1995年的202吨增加到2003年的257吨，平均年增长率为3.0%。在所有煤炭消费行业中，电力行业是汞排放增长的主要行业，年增长率为5.9%。有色金属冶炼产生的汞排放量从1995年的230吨增加到2003年的321吨，年均增长率为4.2%。虽然自1996年以来，与黄金冶炼相关的汞排放量有所下降，但锌、铅和铜等其他有色金属的汞排放量分别以8.5%、13.0%和6.9%的年增长率显著增长。各省区汞排放趋势存在显著差异。不确定性水平从1995年总排放量估计值的+/- 78%（95%置信区间）下降到2003年的+/- 44%。这主要是由于活动水平和排放因素不确定性最大的汞源的排放减少，例如手工黄金冶炼、汞矿开采和电池/荧光灯生产。
We have developed multiple-year inventories of anthropogenic mercury emissions in China for 1995 through 2003. We estimate that total Hg emissions from all anthropogenic sources increased at an average annual rate of 2.9% during the period 1995-2003, reaching 696 (+/- 307) t in 2003, with a speciation split of 395 t of Hg0, 230 t of Hg2+, and 70 t of Hg(p). Nonferrous metals smelting and coal combustion continue to be the two leading mercury sources in China, as nonferrous metals production and coal consumption keep increasing. Nonferrous metals smelting and coal combustion together contributed approximately 80% of total Hg emissions during the past decade. Hg emissions from coal combustion increased from 202 t in 1995 to 257 t in 2003 at an average annual rate of 3.0%. Among all of the coal consumption sectors, the power sector is the leading one in Hg emissions growth, up by 5.9% annually. Hg emissions from nonferrous metals smelting increased from 230 t in 1995 to 321 t in 2003 at an average annual rate of 4.2%. Although Hg emissions related to gold smelting decreased since 1996, other nonferrous metals such as zinc, lead, and copper contributed significant Hg growth at annual rates of 8.5%, 13.0%, and 6.9%, respectively. At provincial level, the trends of Hg emissions show significant variation. The uncertainty level decreased from +/- 78% (95% confidence interval) in the estimate of total emissions in 1995, to +/- 44% in 2003. This is primarily attributed to the decreased emissions from those Hg sources with the largest uncertainty in both activity levels and emission factors, such as artisanal gold smelting, mercury mining, and battery/fluorescent lamp production.