Regenerating proteins and their expression, regulation and signaling.
Regenerating proteins and their expression, regulation and signaling.
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DOI：
10.1515/bmc.2011.055
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tzanakakis ES
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Parikh A;Stephan AF;Tzanakakis ES
再生(Reg)蛋白家族包括在胰腺炎和胰岛再生过程中独立发现的C型凝集素样蛋白。然而，越来越多的研究提供了REG蛋白参与不同类型细胞的增殖和分化的证据。此外，REG家族成员与各种病理疾病有关，包括糖尿病和各种形式的胃肠道癌症。这些发现导致了REG蛋白在多种生理和疾病背景下作为抗炎、抗凋亡和有丝分裂因子的关键作用的出现。然而，在我们对不同REG基因表达的调控方面，我们的知识存在着显著的差距。此外，传递REG触发的信号的途径、它们的目标以及与其他级联信号的潜在串扰在很大程度上仍然未知。本文对不同的REG成员在胰腺和胰外组织中的表达模式进行了综述。此外，还讨论了在不同细胞类型中调节REG水平的已知因素。还描述了几条信号通路，到目前为止，这些信号通路都与REG配体的作用有关。需要进一步的努力来阐明REG蛋白作用的生物学过程及其在各种疾病中的参与。更好地了解REG基因和蛋白质的功能将有助于设计和开发利用或靶向该蛋白质组的治疗方法。
The regenerating (Reg) protein family comprises C-type lectin-like proteins discovered independently during pancreatitis and pancreatic islet regeneration. However, an increasing number of studies provide evidence of participation of Reg proteins in the proliferation and differentiation of diverse cell types. Moreover, Reg family members are associated with various pathologies, including diabetes and forms of gastrointestinal cancer. These findings have led to the emergence of key roles for Reg proteins as anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and mitogenic agents in multiple physiologic and disease contexts. Yet, there are significant gaps in our knowledge regarding the regulation of expression of different Reg genes. In addition, the pathways relaying Reg-triggered signals, their targets and potential cross-talk with other cascades are still largely unknown. In this review, the expression patterns of different Reg members in the pancreas and extrapancreatic tissues are described. Moreover, factors known to modulate Reg levels in different cell types are discussed. Several signaling pathways, which have been implicated in conferring the effects of Reg ligands to date, are also delineated. Further efforts are necessary for elucidating the biological processes underlying the action of Reg proteins and their involvement in various maladies. Better understanding of the function of Reg genes and proteins will be beneficial in the design and development of therapies utilizing or targeting this protein group.