Optimal-T9: An Optimized T9-like Keyboard for Small Touchscreen Devices
Optimal-T9: An Optimized T9-like Keyboard for Small Touchscreen Devices
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DOI：
10.1145/3279778.3279786
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发表时间：
2018-11
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ryan Qin;Suwen Zhu;Yu-Hao Lin;Yu-Jung Ko;Xiaojun Bi
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ryan Qin;Suwen Zhu;Yu-Hao Lin;Yu-Jung Ko;Xiaojun Bi
类似T9的键盘（例如3×3布局）通常用于小型触摸屏设备，以减轻手指触摸不精确的小键问题（例如，T9是三星Gear 2的默认键盘）。在本文中，我们提出了一种计算方法，通过考虑三个关键因素来设计最优的t9样布局：清晰度，速度和易学性。特别是，我们设计了一个清晰度度量来模拟单词碰撞（即具有相同点击序列的单词），使用fitts - diggraph模型来预测速度，并引入了qwerty边界约束以确保高学习性。基于严格的数学优化，我们的调查产生了Optimal-T9，这是一种优化的类似T9的布局，优于原始的T9和其他类似T9的布局。一项用户研究表明，它的平均输入速度比T9快17%，比文献中类似T9的布局快26%。与普通Qwerty键盘相比，Optimal-T9还大幅降低了72%的错误率。主观评分偏向于Optimal-T9：在所有被测试的键盘中，它对体力和脑力的要求最低，感知性能最好。总的来说，我们的调查导致了一个更有效，更准确的T9布局比原来的T9。这样的布局将立即使t9键盘用户和小型触摸屏设备用户受益。
T9-like keyboards (i.e., 3×3 layouts) have been commonly used on small touchscreen devices to mitigate the problem of tapping tiny keys with imprecise finger touch (e.g., T9 is the default keyboard on Samsung Gear 2). In this paper, we proposed a computational approach to design optimal T9-like layouts by considering three key factors: clarity, speed, and learnability. In particular, we devised a clarity metric to model the word collisions (i.e., words with identical tapping sequences), used the Fitts-Digraph model to predict speed, and introduced a Qwerty-bounded constraint to ensure high learnability. Founded upon rigorous mathematical optimization, our investigation led to Optimal-T9, an optimized T9-like layout which outperformed the original T9 and other T9-like layouts. A user study showed that its average input speed was 17% faster than T9 and 26% faster than a T9-like layout from literature. Optimal-T9 also drastically reduced the error rate by 72% over a regular Qwerty keyboard. Subjective ratings were in favor of Optimal-T9: it had the lowest physical, mental demands, and the best perceived-performance among all the tested keyboards. Overall, our investigation has led to a more efficient, and more accurate T9-like layout than the original T9. Such a layout would immediately benefit both T9-like keyboard users and small touchscreen device users.