Quantum and Information Thermodynamics: A Unifying Framework Based on Repeated Interactions
Quantum and Information Thermodynamics: A Unifying Framework Based on Repeated Interactions
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevx.7.021003
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发表时间：
2017-04-07
影响因子：
12.5
通讯作者：
Esposito, Massimiliano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Strasberg, Philipp;Schaller, Gernot;Esposito, Massimiliano
通过考虑一系列独立准备的单元反复与系统接触，我们扩展了与热储耦合的系统的标准热力学框架。这些单元可以处于任何非平衡状态，并以任意强度和持续时间与系统相互作用。我们表明，这一流构成了非平衡自由能的有效资源，并确定了它作为热、功或信息库的条件。我们还表明，这种设置提供了一个自然的框架来分析信息擦除（“兰道尔原理”）和反馈控制系统（“麦克斯韦妖”）。在较短的系统单元相互作用时间的限制下，我们进一步证明了这种设置可以用于为许多有效的主方程提供热力学合理的解释。我们讨论了如何在我们的框架内对非自主驱动系统、微脉泽、无反转激光和电子麦克斯韦妖进行热力学分析。虽然目前的框架考虑了量子特征（例如，压缩、纠缠、相干），但我们也表明，在最大可提取功方面，量子资源与经典资源相比没有任何优势。
We expand the standard thermodynamic framework of a system coupled to a thermal reservoir by considering a stream of independently prepared units repeatedly put into contact with the system. These units can be in any nonequilibrium state and interact with the system with an arbitrary strength and duration. We show that this stream constitutes an effective resource of nonequilibrium free energy, and we identify the conditions under which it behaves as a heat, work, or information reservoir. We also show that this setup provides a natural framework to analyze information erasure ("Landauer's principle") and feedback-controlled systems ("Maxwell's demon"). In the limit of a short system-unit interaction time, we further demonstrate that this setup can be used to provide a thermodynamically sound interpretation to many effective master equations. We discuss how nonautonomously driven systems, micromasers, lasing without inversion and the electronic Maxwell demon can be thermodynamically analyzed within our framework. While the present framework accounts for quantum features (e.g., squeezing, entanglement, coherence), we also show that quantum resources do not offer any advantage compared to classical ones in terms of the maximum extractable work.