Functional assembly of bacterial communities with activity for the biodegradation of an organophosphorus pesticide in the rape phyllosphere
Functional assembly of bacterial communities with activity for the biodegradation of an organophosphorus pesticide in the rape phyllosphere
复制标题
油菜叶际中具有有机磷农药生物降解活性的细菌群落的功能组装
DOI：
10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.01946.x
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Zhuang, Guoqiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ning, Jiying;Bai, Zhihui;Zhuang, Guoqiang
虽然大多数喷洒在陆生植物上的农药会残留在叶片表面，但叶片相关微生物种群与农药降解之间的关系仍不清楚。本文研究了有机磷农药敌敌畏处理后油菜叶际细菌群落组成的变化。结果表明，处理后细菌群落发生了明显的变化。我们评估了油菜叶片上天然微生物群落对敌敌畏的降解率，发现微生物群落栖息的叶片上的敌敌畏降解率高于表面灭菌的叶片。从自然界中分离到6株敌敌畏降解菌，其16S rRNA基因序列与假单胞菌属、黄单胞菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、嗜酸菌属、土壤杆菌属和金黄杆菌属的16S rRNA基因序列最相似。我们首次报道了三种来自鞘氨醇单胞菌属、食酸菌属和金黄杆菌属的附生细菌，它们都能降解有机磷化合物。总的来说，这些结果提供了直接的证据表明，叶片上的细菌可以降解有机磷农药，并证明叶际细菌具有很大的潜力，在原位的农药生物修复，环境是敌对的nonepiphytic细菌。
Although most pesticides sprayed on terrestrial plants remain on their leaf surfaces, the relationship between leaf-associated microbial populations and pesticide degradation remains unclear. Here we examined changes in the bacterial community composition in the rape phyllosphere after treatment with dichlorvos, an organophosphorus pesticide. Results indicate that the bacterial community showed marked changes after treatment. We evaluated the rate of dichlorvos degradation by a natural microbial community on rape leaves and found that more dichlorvos was degraded on microbial-population-inhabited leaves than on surface-sterilized leaves. Six dichlorvos-degrading bacteria with 16S rRNA gene sequences that are most similar to those of members of the genera Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Sphingomonas, Acidovorax, Agrobacterium and Chryseobacterium were isolated from the natural community. We report for the first time that three of these epiphytic bacterial species, from the genera Sphingomonas, Acidovorax and Chryseobacterium, can degrade organophosphorus compounds. Collectively, these results provide direct evidence that bacteria on leaves can degrade organophosphate pesticides, and demonstrate that phyllosphere bacteria have great potential for the bioremediation of pesticides in situ, where the environment is hostile to nonepiphytic bacteria.