Aging and balance control in response to external perturbations: role of anticipatory and compensatory postural mechanisms
Aging and balance control in response to external perturbations: role of anticipatory and compensatory postural mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1007/s11357-014-9621-8
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Aruin, Alexander S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kanekar, Neeta;Aruin, Alexander S.
保持平衡的能力随着年龄的增长而退化。预期性和代偿性姿势调整（分别为APAs和CPAs），已知在老年人中都会受到影响。我们研究了衰老对老年人使用APAs的能力的影响及其对随后姿势控制的影响。10名老年人暴露于外部可预测和不可预测的摄动应用于上半身矢状面。在姿势控制的预期和补偿阶段，分析了身体运动学、13块肌肉的肌电图活动和地面反作用力。老年人能够识别即将到来的可预测的扰动，并在此之前激活肌肉。然而，与年轻人相比，老年人使用了不同的肌肉策略和肌肉募集顺序。此外，当扰动不可预测时，未观察到APAs，这导致了较大的cpa和扰动后压力中心（COP）和质量中心（COM）的峰值位移。与此相反，当干扰是可预测的时，在老年人中看到的APAs导致的CPAs明显较小。在老年人中，APAs的存在和利用也改善了扰动后的姿势稳定性，这可以从显著减少的COP和COM峰值位移中看出。在老年人中使用APAs可显著减少对大型cpa的需求，从而在扰动后获得更大的姿势稳定性。研究结果为研究训练在改善老年人预见性和代偿性姿势控制之间的相互作用提供了基础。
The ability to maintain balance deteriorates with increasing age. Anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments (APAs and CPAs, respectively), both, are known to be affected in the elderly. We examined the effect of aging on the ability of older adults to utilize APAs and its effect on subsequent control of posture (CPAs). Ten elderly individuals were exposed to external predictable and unpredictable perturbations applied to the upper body in the sagittal plane. Body kinematics, electromyographic activity of 13 muscles, and ground reaction forces were analyzed during the anticipatory and compensatory phases of postural control. The elderly were capable of recognizing an upcoming predictable perturbation and activated muscles prior to it. However, the older adults used different muscle strategies and sequence of muscle recruitment than that reported in young adults. Additionally, when the perturbations were unpredictable, no APAs were seen which resulted in large CPAs and greater peak displacements of the center of pressure (COP) and center of mass (COM) following perturbations. As opposed to this, when the perturbations were predictable, APAs were seen in older adults resulting in significantly smaller CPAs. The presence and utilization of APAs in older adults also improved postural stability following the perturbation as seen by significantly smaller COP and COM peak displacements. Using APAs in older adults significantly reduces the need for large CPAs, resulting in greater postural stability following a perturbation. The results provide a foundation for investigating the role of training in improving the interplay between anticipatory and compensatory postural control in older adults.