CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology for Studying Enteric Virus Infection.
CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology for Studying Enteric Virus Infection.
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基于 CRISPR-Cas9 的肠道病毒感染研究技术。
DOI：
10.3389/fgeed.2022.888878
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发表时间：
2022
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肠道病毒，包括许多在肠道中引发感染的病毒，被认为是导致人类广泛疾病的重要因子，这取决于病毒类型。它们主要通过粪口途径传播，并伴有受污染的水或食物等多种媒介。肠道病毒如诺如病毒和轮状病毒的感染经常引起广泛的急性胃肠炎，导致显著的健康和经济负担，因此仍然是公共卫生问题。像其他病毒一样，肠道病毒“劫持”某些宿主因子（所谓的前病毒因子）在感染细胞中复制，同时通过拮抗宿主抗病毒因子逃避宿主防御系统。需要鉴定这些因子以更好地理解病毒复制和致病性的分子机制，这将有助于开发有效的抗病毒策略。最近，基因组编辑技术的进步，特别是成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）-Cas9系统，在病毒学领域（包括肠道病毒研究）取得了许多突破。例如，采用CRISPR-Cas9系统的无偏全基因组筛选已经成功鉴定了许多先前未被识别的与临床相关肠道病毒感染相关的宿主因子。本文简要介绍了CRISPR-Cas9系统在病毒学研究中的常用技术，并讨论了该系统在肠道病毒感染研究中的主要发现。
Enteric viruses, including numerous viruses that initiate infection in enteric canal, are recognized as important agents that cause wide spectrum of illnesses in humans, depending on the virus type. They are mainly transmitted by fecal-oral route with several vector such as contaminated water or food. Infections by enteric viruses, such as noroviruses and rotaviruses, frequently cause widespread acute gastroenteritis, leading to significant health and economic burdens and therefore remain a public health concern. Like other viruses, enteric viruses ‘‘hijack’’ certain host factors (so called pro-viral factors) for replication in infected cells, while escaping the host defense system by antagonizing host anti-viral factors. Identification(s) of these factors is needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying viral replication and pathogenicity, which will aid the development of efficient antiviral strategies. Recently, the advancement of genome-editing technology, especially the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 system, has precipitated numerous breakthroughs across the field of virology, including enteric virus research. For instance, unbiased genome-wide screening employing the CRISPR-Cas9 system has successfully identified a number of previously unrecognized host factors associated with infection by clinically relevant enteric viruses. In this review, we briefly introduce the common techniques of the CRISPR-Cas9 system applied to virological studies and discuss the major findings using this system for studying enteric virus infection.