Connotation Frames: A Data-Driven Investigation
Connotation Frames: A Data-Driven Investigation
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内涵框架：数据驱动的调查
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yejin Choi
中科院分区：
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作者：
Hannah Rashkin;Sameer Singh;Yejin Choi
通过对谓词的特定选择（例如，“x侵犯了y”），作者可以巧妙地暗示一系列关于实体x和y的隐含情感和预设事实：（1）作者的观点：将x投射为“对抗者“，将y投射为“受害者”，（2）实体的观点：y可能不喜欢x，（3）效果：y发生了一些不好的事情，（4）价值：y是有价值的东西，以及（5）精神状态：这件事让他很难过。我们引入内涵框架作为一种表示形式主义，使用类型化关系来组织这些丰富的内涵维度。首先，我们研究了通过众包实验获得内涵标签的可行性。然后，我们提出了模型预测的基础上分布的词表示和不同类型的内涵关系之间的相互作用的动词谓词的内涵框架。实验结果证实，内涵框架可以从不同的数据来源，反映人们如何使用语言和产生的内涵意义。最后，我们的分析结果表明，潜在的使用内涵框架分析微妙的偏见，在网上新闻媒体。
Through a particular choice of a predicate (e.g., "x violated y"), a writer can subtly connote a range of implied sentiments and presupposed facts about the entities x and y: (1) writer's perspective: projecting x as an "antagonist"and y as a "victim", (2) entities' perspective: y probably dislikes x, (3) effect: something bad happened to y, (4) value: y is something valuable, and (5) mental state: y is distressed by the event. We introduce connotation frames as a representation formalism to organize these rich dimensions of connotation using typed relations. First, we investigate the feasibility of obtaining connotative labels through crowdsourcing experiments. We then present models for predicting the connotation frames of verb predicates based on their distributional word representations and the interplay between different types of connotative relations. Empirical results confirm that connotation frames can be induced from various data sources that reflect how people use language and give rise to the connotative meanings. We conclude with analytical results that show the potential use of connotation frames for analyzing subtle biases in online news media.