Asymmetric Evolvability Leads to Specialization without Trade-Offs
Asymmetric Evolvability Leads to Specialization without Trade-Offs
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DOI：
10.1086/713913
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发表时间：
2021-06-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Draghi, Jeremy A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Draghi, Jeremy A.
许多生物都是特化的，而这些狭窄的生态位通常用权衡来解释——一种生物无法在两种或两种以上的环境中表现出最大的性能。然而，缺乏证据表明权衡足以解释专家。一些理论研究表明，由于通才在稀有环境中的表现得到了宽松的选择，种群可以在没有明确权衡的情况下实现专业化。在这里，我综合并扩展了这些方法，表明在进化过程中出现的不对称可以在没有权衡和存在大量的专业化生态成本的情况下推动种群走向专业化。模拟用于证明对较常见环境的适应如何干扰对较不常见但在其他方面相等的替代环境的适应，并且这种干扰在低重组率下大大加剧。这种专业化的适应过程可以有效地将种群困在次优生态位中。这些建模结果预测，在单一的适应过程中，性状之间的短暂进化差异可能对种群的生态位产生长期影响。
Many organisms are specialized, and these narrow niches are often explained with trade-offs-the inability for one organism to express maximal performance in two or more environments. However, evidence is lacking that trade-offs are sufficient to explain specialists. Several lines of theoretical inquiry suggest that populations can specialize without explicit trade-offs, as a result of relaxed selection in generalists for their performance in rare environments. Here, I synthesize and extend these approaches, showing that emergent asymmetries in evolvability can push a population toward specialization in the absence of trade-offs and in the presence of substantial ecological costs of specialism. Simulations are used to demonstrate how adaptation to a more common environment interferes with adaptation to a less common but otherwise equal alternative environment and that this interference is greatly exacerbated at low recombination rates. This adaptive process of specialization can effectively trap populations in a suboptimal niche. These modeling results predict that transient differences in evolvability across traits during a single episode of adaptation could have long-term consequences for a population's niche.