The role of motivation and volition in economic decisions: Evidence from eye movements and pupillometry
The role of motivation and volition in economic decisions: Evidence from eye movements and pupillometry
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DOI：
10.1002/bdm.2152
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发表时间：
2019-08-06
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Achtziger, Anja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ludwig, Jonas;Jaudas, Alexander;Achtziger, Anja
经济决策通常涉及高风险、真实的后果和一定程度的个人风险。本文探讨了动机和意志状态的经济决策过程中的激励彩票选择任务的影响。我们调查的决策时间，选择，信息搜索和瞳孔放大依赖于实验操纵的动机和意志，即审议和实施的心态模式。结果表明，经济决策中的选择偏好是稳健的，不受动机和意志状态的影响，但决策过程受到显着影响。决策者在深思熟虑的状态下搜索信息的范围更广，做出决策的速度比基线慢。相对于审慎思维，实施型思维更关注赌博的概率属性。此外，我们观察到，赌博的结果，不需要赢得所有（即，零结果）在信息搜索中发挥了重要作用。这些结果在很大程度上被忽视的决策前的信息搜索，但引起瞳孔反应类似于非常高的结果彩票。这些结果为当前关于风险选择中零效应的争论提供了信息。我们还讨论了潜在的眼动跟踪研究的风险选择，以消除模糊的贡献，努力和唤醒调节瞳孔反应。决策研究的理论进展的影响进行了讨论。
Economic decisions usually involve high stakes, real consequences, and some degree of personal risk. This article explores the impact of motivational and volitional states on economic decision processes in an incentivized lottery choice task. We investigated the patterns of decision time, choice, information search, and pupil dilation dependent on an experimental manipulation of motivation and volition, that is, the deliberative and the implemental mindset. The results indicated that choice preferences in economic decisions were robust and remained unaffected by motivational and volitional states, but decision processes were notably impacted. Decision makers in a deliberative state of mind searched for information more extensively and made slower decisions than the baseline. The implemental mindset was associated with more attention paid to the probability attributes of the gambles relative to the deliberative mindset. Furthermore, we observed that gamble outcomes that entailed no win at all (i.e., zero outcomes) played an important role for information search. These outcomes were largely disregarded in terms of predecisional information search but elicited pupillary responses similar to very high outcome lotteries. These results inform the current debate about the zero effect in risky choice. We also discuss the potential of eye-tracking studies of risky choice to dissolve ambiguities concerning the contributions of effort and arousal to modulating pupillary response. Implications for theoretical advances in decision research are discussed.