Pollinators in life cycle assessment: towards a framework for impact assessment
Pollinators in life cycle assessment: towards a framework for impact assessment
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.058
复制
发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Collina, Elena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crenna, Eleonora;Sala, Serenella;Collina, Elena
人类活动正以前所未有的规模和速度威胁着生物多样性，从而也可能影响到关键生态系统服务的提供，包括昆虫授粉。昆虫传粉媒介在陆地生态系统中发挥着重要的功能作用，支持全球生态稳定和粮食安全。因此，评估对传粉媒介的影响是任何旨在提高人类生产和消费环境可持续性的努力的基础，特别是在农业食品供应链中。不同的驱动因素导致传粉昆虫数量下降。需要改进以供应链为导向的对传粉媒介的压力和影响的评估。然而，目前评估供应链影响的方法，如生命周期评估（LCA），没有评估对传粉媒介的影响。事实上，现有的生命周期影响评估（LCIA）模型都没有有效地考虑传粉媒介。一些LCIA模型提到了传粉作用，但没有一个模型提出了影响的关键驱动因素，也没有提出将传粉者作为生物多样性保护目标群体纳入LCIA框架的建议。为了设计将对传粉媒介的影响纳入LCIA的途径，我们对影响传粉媒介的环境和人为压力进行了文献综述，这些压力可能威胁传粉服务。基于文献证据，我们确定并描述了八个潜在的影响驱动因素，主要来自工业发展和集约化农业实践：1)城市地区和现代农业实践不受控制的扩张导致土地利用集约化；2)农药的使用；3)外来入侵植物的存在；4)与外来入侵传粉媒介的竞争；5)全球和局部气候变化；6)有害生物和病原体的传播；7)电磁污染和8)转基因作物。为了在LCIA中考虑这些驱动程序，有一些特定的建模需求。因此，本研究就今后的研究应如何面向改进目前的模型以及应如何制定新的指标以弥补现有概念和方法上的差距提出了建议。(C) 2016年作者。Elsevier Ltd.出版。这是一篇基于CC BY-NC-ND许可的开放获取文章。
Human activities are threatening biodiversity at an unprecedented scale and pace, thus potentially affecting also the provision of critical ecosystem services, including insect pollination. Insect pollinators play an essential functional role in terrestrial ecosystems, supporting ecological stability and food security worldwide. Therefore, assessing impact on pollinators is fundamental in any effort aiming at enhancing the environmental sustainability of human production and consumption, especially in the agri-food supply chains. Different drivers are leading to pollinator populations' declines. Improving a supply-chain oriented assessment of the occurrence of pressure and impacts on pollinators is needed. However, current methodologies assessing impact along supply chains, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), miss to assess impact on pollinators. In fact, none of the existing life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) models effectively accounts for pollinators. Some LCIA models have mentioned pollination, but none has presented key drivers of impact and a proposal for integrating pollinators as target group for biodiversity protection within an LCIA framework. In order to devise a pathway towards the inclusion of impacts on pollinators in LCIA, we conducted a literature review of environmental and anthropogenic pressures acting on insect pollinators, potentially threatening pollination services. Based on the evidence in literature, we identified and described eight potential impact drivers, primarily deriving from industrial development and intensive agricultural practice: 1) intensified land use as a result of uncontrolled expansion of urban areas and modern agricultural practices; 2) use of pesticides; 3) presence of invasive alien plants; 4) competition with invasive alien pollinator species; 5) global and local climate change; 6) spread of pests and pathogens; 7) electro-magnetic pollution and 8) genetically modified crops. To account for these drivers in LCIA, there are specific modeling needs. Hence, the current study provides recommendation on how future research should be oriented to improve the current models and how novel indicators should be developed in order to cover the existing conceptual and methodological gaps. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.