Identification of Disaster-Vulnerable Communities by Use of Census Data Prior to the Great East Japan Earthquake
Identification of Disaster-Vulnerable Communities by Use of Census Data Prior to the Great East Japan Earthquake
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DOI：
10.1017/dmp.2014.164
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Yano, Eiji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ishiguro, Aya;Togita, Yuriko;Yano, Eiji
人们日益认识到社区的作用是人类健康的一个关键决定因素，特别是在灾害期间和灾后恢复期间。方法在东日本大地震发生后6 ~ 12个月内，在宫城县石卷市进行了需求评估调查，确定了受灾地区，并在此基础上，对受灾地区的需求进行了调查，确定了受灾地区的需求。这表现在至少有三个主要支助需求（医疗、老年人、心理和居住环境）之一的家庭比例较高。通过对71个社区的Logistic回归分析，对东日本大地震前人口普查数据中的9个人口学特征与老年人支援需求之间的关系进行了研究。结果老年人支援需求与老年人比例呈正相关（比值比[OR]=1.5; 95%置信区间[CI]：1.2-1.8）和单人家庭（OR=1.3; 95%CI：1.0-1.7），而心理支持的需求与从事农业的人口比例有关（OR=4.6; 95%CI：1.0-20.7）。渔业的比例呈负相关的需要居住环境的支持（OR=0.5; 95%CI：0.3-0.9）。结论考虑简单的人口统计学特征的人口普查可能是有用的，以确定脆弱的社区和准备为未来的灾难。（公共卫生应急预案。2015;9：19-28）
Objectives The role of the community is becoming increasingly recognized as a crucial determinant of human health, particularly during a disaster and during disaster recovery. To identify disaster-vulnerable communities, we sought factors related to communities in need of support by using census information from before the Great East Japan Earthquake.Methods We identified vulnerable communities by using a needs-assessment survey conducted 6 to 12 months after the Great East Japan Earthquake in Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture, as indicated by higher proportions of households with at least 1 of 3 major support needs (medical, elderly, psychological, and dwelling environment). The associations between the need for support and 9 demographic characteristics of the community from census data prior to the Great East Japan Earthquake were examined for 71 communities by use of logistic regression analysis.Results The need for elderly support was positively associated with the proportions of aged people (odds ratio [OR]=1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-1.8) and one-person households (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.7), whereas the need for psychological support was associated with the proportion of people engaged in agriculture (OR=4.6; 95% CI: 1.0-20.7). The proportion of fisheries was negatively associated with the need for dwelling environment support (OR=0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.9).Conclusions The consideration of simple demographic characteristics from the census may be useful for identifying vulnerable communities and preparing for future disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:19-28)