The accuracy of estimates of the overturning circulation from basin-wide mooring arrays

The accuracy of estimates of the overturning circulation from basin-wide mooring arrays
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全流域系泊阵列翻转环流估计的准确性

DOI:
10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.001
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Sinha B
Sinha B
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sinha B

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以前的模拟和观测研究已经确定,使用海岸到海岸的仪器化系泊阵列,辅以关键边界区域的直接传输测量(RAPID/MOCHA/WBTS阵列),可以准确监测26.5°N处的大西洋经向翻转环流(AMOC)。观察性和结构性误差的主要来源已在各种单独研究中得到确定。在这里,一个统一的框架,用于识别和量化与RAPID阵列为基础的AMOC估计的结构性误差建立了一个高分辨率(涡解决在低中纬度,涡允许其他地方)的海洋环流模式,模拟1978年和2010年之间的海洋状态。我们在模型中定义了与真实的RAPID阵列非常相似的虚拟RAPID阵列,并将虚拟阵列的AMOC估计值与真实模型AMOC进行比较。模型分析表明,RAPID方法低估了平均AMOC在10900米深度的1.5 Sv(1 Sv = 106 m3 s −1),但它捕捉到的变异性,以高精度。我们研究了三个主要的贡献流函数偏差:(i)由于一个单一的固定参考水平的假设计算的地转运输,(ii)由于区域不采样的阵列和(iii)由于非地转运输。(i)和(iii)中的一个关键要素是使用模式海面高度来建立真实的(或绝对的)地转输送。在上2000米,我们发现,参考电平偏差是最强的,最可变的时间,而由于未采样区域的偏差是最大的低于3000米。在1000米以上的非地转输送是显着的,但表现出很小的变化。结果建立,第一次,由于在测量设计中的组合结构误差的AMOC估计的不确定性,并提出了减少误差的方法。我们的工作可应用于其他纬度和其他流域的全流域环流测量阵列,以及量化海洋模式估计26.5°N AMOC的系统误差。
Previous modeling and observational studies have established that it is possible to accurately monitor the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at 26.5°N using a coast-to-coast array of instrumented moorings supplemented by direct transport measurements in key boundary regions (the RAPID/MOCHA/WBTS Array). The main sources of observational and structural errors have been identified in a variety of individual studies. Here a unified framework for identifying and quantifying structural errors associated with the RAPID array-based AMOC estimates is established using a high-resolution (eddy resolving at low-mid latitudes, eddy permitting elsewhere) ocean general circulation model, which simulates the ocean state between 1978 and 2010. We define a virtual RAPID array in the model in close analogy to the real RAPID array and compare the AMOC estimate from the virtual array with the true model AMOC. The model analysis suggests that the RAPID method underestimates the mean AMOC by ∼1.5 Sv (1 Sv = 106m3s−1) at ∼900 m depth, however it captures the variability to high accuracy. We examine three major contributions to the streamfunction bias: (i) due to the assumption of a single fixed reference level for calculation of geostrophic transports, (ii) due to regions not sampled by the array and (iii) due to ageostrophic transport. A key element in (i) and (iii) is use of the model sea surface height to establish the true (or absolute) geostrophic transport. In the upper 2000 m, we find that the reference level bias is strongest and most variable in time, whereas the bias due to unsampled regions is largest below 3000 m. The ageostrophic transport is significant in the upper 1000 m but shows very little variability. The results establish, for the first time, the uncertainty of the AMOC estimate due to the combined structural errors in the measurement design and suggest ways in which the error could be reduced. Our work has applications to basin-wide circulation measurement arrays at other latitudes and in other basins as well as quantifying systematic errors in ocean model estimates of the AMOC at 26.5°N.
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发表时间: 2013
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影响因子: 3.2
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发表时间: 2008
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影响因子: 18.3
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影响因子: 3.2
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影响因子: --
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