Conversion of viscous liquid malathion into free flowing solids through co-inclusion in urea for multiple benefits
Conversion of viscous liquid malathion into free flowing solids through co-inclusion in urea for multiple benefits
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通过与尿素共包含，将粘稠液体马拉硫磷转化为自由流动固体，具有多种益处
DOI：
10.1007/s10847-016-0648-6
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
A. Madan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Dhall;A. Madan
在本研究中，马拉硫磷-一种粘稠的液体杀虫剂被成功地转化为自由流动的固体尿素包合物的多重效益。由此产生的肥料-杀虫剂混汞提供毒性/气味的急剧降低和改进的处理/制剂特性。在长链快速络合剂（RCA）存在下，将马拉硫磷（MA）吸附在尿素基质晶格中。MA被截留在六边形尿素的空腔中，因此不能进入表面/环境以吸入或皮肤接触。因此，在危险杀虫剂装入尿素格后，从事危险杀虫剂处理的人员将不会暴露。只有在马拉硫磷尿素包合物（MAUCIC）与土壤/作物中的水接触后，在田间打开配水/喷洒系统后，昆虫才会接触杀虫剂。由于MA被尿素通道吞噬，因此观察到MA的石油类臭鼬气味急剧减少。流变学研究表明，与粘性液体马拉硫磷相比，MAUCIC具有更好的流动性能。这也导致运输/包装成本降低。通过量热法确定尿素中MA共包含所需的RCA的最小量。用FTIR、DSC、XRD和1H-NMR等方法对MAUCIC的形成进行了表征。热研究表明，随着MAUCIC中RCA比例的相应增加，分解热增加。MAUCIC复合物显示了均匀的制剂组成和MA的改善的溶出曲线。研究表明，肥料-杀虫剂混汞是一种有用的技术，可将粘性杀虫剂配制成具有改进处理特性的自由流动产品。
In current investigation, malathion—a thick viscous liquid insecticide was successfully converted into free flowing solids through co-inclusion in urea for multiple benefits. Resulting fertilizer—insecticide amalgamation offer steep reduction in toxicity/odor and improved handling/formulation characteristics. Malathion (MA), a widely used organophosphate insecticide was accommodated in urea host lattice in presence of long chain rapidly complexing agent (RCA). MA is entrapped in cavities of hexagonal urea and is accordingly not accessible either to the surface/environment for inhalation or for dermal contact. Therefore, personnel engaged in handling of hazardous insecticide will not be exposed after its containment in urea lattice. Insects will be exposed to insecticide only after malathion urea co-inclusion complex (MAUCIC) comes in contact with water in soil/crops following switching on of water distribution/sprinkling system in the fields. Since, MA is engulfed in urea channels, steep reduction in petroleum like skunk odor of MA was observed. Rheological studies revealed better flow properties of MAUCIC in comparison to viscous liquid malathion. This also results in reduced cost of transportation/packaging. Minimum amount of RCA required for co-inclusion of MA in urea was determined calorimetrically. Formation of MAUCIC was characterized by FTIR, DSC, XRD and1H-NMR studies. Thermal studies revealed increase in heat of decomposition with corresponding increase in proportion of RCA in MAUCICs. MAUCIC complex revealed uniform formulation composition and improved dissolution profile of MA. Studies reveal fertilizer–insecticide amalgamation to be a useful technique for formulation of viscous insecticide into free flowing products with improved handling characteristics.