A longitudinal study of the effects of tobacco smoking and other modifiable risk factors on ill health in middle-aged and old Americans: results from the Health and Retirement Study and Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old survey.
A longitudinal study of the effects of tobacco smoking and other modifiable risk factors on ill health in middle-aged and old Americans: results from the Health and Retirement Study and Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old survey.
复制标题
关于吸烟和其他可改变的危险因素对美国中老年健康不良影响的纵向研究：健康与退休研究以及最年长者资产和健康动态调查的结果。
DOI：
10.1006/pmed.2001.0991
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jung,Sang-Hyuk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ostbye,Truls;Taylor,DonaldHugh;Jung,Sang-Hyuk
背景：虽然吸烟和其他可改变的危险因素对死亡率和特定疾病的影响已经确定，但它们对健康不良的影响却鲜为人知。通过两项全国纵向调查，本研究的目的是分析吸烟和其他可改变的风险因素对健康不良的影响，这些因素以多维方式定义（即残疾、行动不便、医疗保健利用和自我报告的健康状况）。方法采用健康与退休研究（HRS）（1992年、1994年、1996年和1998年对12652名50-60岁的老年人进行调查）和老年人资产与健康动态调查（1993年、1996年和1998年对8124名60-70岁的老年人进行调查）进行分析。结果吸烟与死亡率和健康状况不佳密切相关，对中老年人的影响相似。在美国健康调查中，吸烟与健康不良之间存在一致的不良剂量反应关系。在调查前至少15年戒烟的人并不比从不吸烟者更有可能出现健康问题。在运动和不健康之间发现了剂量-反应关系。对于身体质量指数和酒精，健康状况不佳呈u型关系。结论：旨在鼓励戒烟的公共卫生工作除了强调降低死亡率外，还应强调改善不良健康状况。
BackgroundWhile the effects of smoking and other modifiable risk factors on mortality and specific diseases are well established, their effects on ill health more generally are less known. Using two national, longitudinal surveys, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of smoking and other modifiable risk factors on ill health, defined in a multidimensional fashion (i.e., disability, impaired mobility, health care utilization, and self-reported health).MethodsThe analyses were based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (12,652 persons 50–60 years old surveyed in 1992, 1994, 1996, and 1998) and the Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old survey (8,124 persons 60–70 years old surveyed in 1993, 1996, and 1998).ResultsSmoking was strongly related to mortality and to ill health, with similar relative effects in the middle-aged and the elderly. There were consistent adverse dose–response relationships between smoking and ill health in the HRS. Persons who had quit smoking at least 15 years prior to the survey were no more likely than never smokers to experience ill health. A dose–response relationship was found between exercise and ill health. For body mass index and alcohol, there were U-shaped relationships with ill health.ConclusionsPublic health efforts designed to encourage smoking cessation should emphasize improvements in ill health in addition to decreased mortality.