Dual-cone variational calculation of the two-electron reduced density matrix

Dual-cone variational calculation of the two-electron reduced density matrix
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双电子约简密度矩阵的双锥变分计算

DOI:
10.1103/physreva.102.052819
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Mazziotti, David A.
Mazziotti, David A.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mazziotti, David A.

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强关联量子系统的计算是具有挑战性的,因为其潜在的指数缩放的电子配置的数量。没有多电子波函数的双电子约化密度矩阵(2-RDM)的变分计算利用了电子库仑相互作用的成对性质,以多项式计算标度来计算基态能量的下限。最近,一个双锥制定的变分2-RDM计算显示,以产生基态能量,虽然不是2-RDM,在一个大大降低的计算成本,特别是对于较高的representability条件,如T2约束。在这里,我们推广双锥变分2-RDM方法,不仅计算基态能量,但也2-RDM。中心结果是,我们可以计算2-RDM从推广的赫尔曼-费曼定理。具体地说,我们证明了在拉格朗日制定的双锥优化的2-RDM是拉格朗日乘子。我们应用该方法来计算强相关的电子的能量和性质,包括原子电荷,电子密度,偶极矩,和轨道占用说明性的氢链和固氮催化剂FeMoco。具有T2或更高可表示性条件的2-RDM的对偶变分计算为强相关分子和材料提供了多项式标度方法,在原子和分子以及凝聚态化学和物理中具有重要应用。
The computation of strongly correlated quantum systems is challenging because of its potentially exponential scaling in the number of electron configurations. Variational calculation of the two-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM) without the many-electron wave function exploits the pairwise nature of the electronic Coulomb interaction to compute a lower bound on the ground-state energy with polynomial computational scaling. Recently, a dual-cone formulation of the variational 2-RDM calculation was shown to generate the ground-state energy, albeit not the 2-RDM, at a substantially reduced computational cost, especially for higher-representability conditions such as the T2 constraint. Here we generalize the dual-cone variational 2-RDM method to compute not only the ground-state energy but also the 2-RDM. The central result is that we can compute the 2-RDM from a generalization of the Hellmann-Feynman theorem. Specifically, we prove that in the Lagrangian formulation of the dual-cone optimization the 2-RDM is the Lagrange multiplier. We apply the method to computing the energies and properties of strongly correlated electrons—including atomic charges, electron densities, dipole moments, and orbital occupations—in an illustrative hydrogen chain and the nitrogen-fixation catalyst FeMoco. The dual variational computation of the 2-RDM with T2 or higher-representability conditions provides a polynomially scaling approach to strongly correlated molecules and materials with significant applications in atomic and molecular and condensed-matter chemistry and physics.
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