Liquefaction Limit during Earthquakes and Underground Explosions: Implications on Ground-Motion Attenuation
Liquefaction Limit during Earthquakes and Underground Explosions: Implications on Ground-Motion Attenuation
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DOI：
10.1785/0120050019
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发表时间：
2006-02
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Chi‐yuen Wang;Alexander Wong;D. Dreger;M. Manga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chi‐yuen Wang;Alexander Wong;D. Dreger;M. Manga
地震期间记录的饱和土壤和沉积物的液化显示出经验关系log R max = 2.05（±0.10）+ 0.45 M，其中R max是以米为单位的液化极限（即，液化场地到震源的最大距离），M为地震震级。结合M与地震能量之间的经验关系，得到液化极限与地震能量之间的关系式：E = AR β max。前因子对应于液化的阈值能量范围为0.004至0.1 J/m3;指数范围为3.2至3.3，意味着地震动的能量密度随距离按照1/ r 3.2-3.3衰减，其中r是距震源的距离。阈值能量的值表明，液化前退化的剪切模量的土壤超过3个数量级。地下爆炸液化的特点是其阈值能量比地震液化的阈值能量大几个数量级，但E和R max之间的函数关系与地震液化相似，并意味着地震动能量密度与距离之间存在类似的衰减关系。
Liquefaction of saturated soils and sediments documented during earthquakes shows an empirical relation log R max = 2.05 (±0.10) + 0.45 M , where R max is the liquefaction limit in meters (i.e., the maximum distance from liquefaction site to the hypocenter) and M is the earthquake magnitude. Combining this with an empirical relation between M and the seismic energy of an earthquake, we obtain a relation between the liquefaction limit and the seismic energy: E = A R β max. The prefactor corresponds to a threshold energy for liquefaction ranging from 0.004 to 0.1 J/m3; the exponent, ranging from 3.2 to 3.3, implies that the energy density of ground motion attenuates with distance according to 1/ r 3.2–3.3, where r is the distance from the hypocenter. The value of the threshold energy suggests a preliquefaction degradation of the shear modulus of soils by more than 3 orders of magnitude. Liquefaction documented during underground explosions is characterized by a threshold energy several orders of magnitude greater than that for liquefaction during earthquakes but shows a similar functional relation between E and R max as that for liquefaction during earthquakes and implies a similar attenuation relation between ground-motion energy density and distance.