Field Experiments and Natural Experiments
Field Experiments and Natural Experiments
复制标题
野外实验和自然实验
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0015
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
D. Green
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Gerber;D. Green
本文评估了现场实验的优势和局限性。它首先定义了现场实验，并描述了现场实验采取的许多形式。阐述了野外试验的发展和演变过程。然后讨论了为什么实验对于因果推理是有价值的。实验和非实验推理的假设是区分，注意到观察性研究的价值往往被误导性的报告惯例夸大。本文阐述了自然实验和不连续性的研究，作为随机干预和传统的非实验研究的替代品。最后，它概述了与实验设计和分析有关的方法学问题：协变量的作用，计划与非计划比较，以及外推。它的结论是处理的方式，实地实验正在重塑政治方法论领域。
This article evaluates the strengths and limitations of field experimentation. It first defines field experimentation and describes the many forms that field experiments take. It also interprets the growth and development of field experimentation. It then discusses why experiments are valuable for causal inference. The assumptions of experimental and nonexperimental inference are distinguished, noting that the value accorded to observational research is often inflated by misleading reporting conventions. The article elaborates on the study of natural experiments and discontinuities as alternatives to both randomized interventions and conventional nonexperimental research. Finally, it outlines a list of methodological issues that arise commonly in connection with experimental design and analysis: the role of covariates, planned vs. unplanned comparisons, and extrapolation. It concludes by dealing with the ways in which field experimentation is reshaping the field of political methodology.