Immunomodulation and anti-cancer activity of polysaccharide-protein complexes.
Immunomodulation and anti-cancer activity of polysaccharide-protein complexes.
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DOI：
10.2174/0929867003374705
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发表时间：
2000-06
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
V. Ooi;Fang Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Ooi;Fang Liu
在过去的三十年中，人们从蘑菇中分离出了许多多糖和多糖-蛋白质复合物，并将其用作治疗剂的来源。这些生物聚合物最有前途的生物药理学活性是其免疫调节和抗癌作用。它们主要以具有不同类型糖苷键的葡聚糖形式存在，例如(1-->3)、(1-->6)-β-葡聚糖和(1-->3)-α-葡聚糖，以及真正的杂聚糖，而其他大部分以多糖-蛋白质复合物的形式与蛋白质残基结合。分别从香菇、裂褶菌和云芝中分离得到的三种抗肿瘤蘑菇多糖，即香菇多糖、裂褶多糖和蛋白结合多糖（PSK、Krestin），已成为日本的大市场产品。香菇多糖和裂褶多糖是纯 β-葡聚糖，而 PSK 是蛋白质结合的 β-葡聚糖。从中国云芝菌株中分离出来的多糖肽（PSP）也被广泛用作抗癌和免疫调节剂。尽管其抗肿瘤作用的机制尚不完全清楚，但这些多糖和多糖-蛋白质复合物被认为可以增强体内和体外细胞介导的免疫反应，并充当生物反应调节剂。宿主防御系统的增强可能会导致多种免疫细胞的激活，这对于维持体内平衡至关重要。多糖或多糖-蛋白质复合物被认为是多细胞因子诱导剂，能够诱导多种免疫调节细胞因子和细胞因子受体的基因表达。一些有趣的研究侧重于研究其结构与抗肿瘤活性之间的关系，在分子水平上阐明其抗肿瘤机制，以及通过化学修饰提高其各种生物活性。
In the last three decades, numerous polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes have been isolated from mushrooms and used as a source of therapeutic agents. The most promising biopharmacological activities of these biopolymers are their immunomodulation and anti-cancer effects. They are mainly present as glucans with different types of glycosidic linkages such as (1-->3), (1-->6)-beta-glucans and (1-->3)-alpha-glucans, and as true herteroglycans, while others mostly bind to protein residues as polysaccharide-protein complexes. Three antitumor mushroom polysaccharides, i.e. lentinan, schizophyllan and protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK, Krestin), isolated respectively, from Lentinus edodes, Schizophyllum commune and Coriolus versicolor, have become large market items in Japan. Lentinan and schizophyllan are pure beta-glucans, whereas PSK is a protein-bound beta-glucan. A polysaccharide peptide (PSP), isolated from a strain of Coriolus versicolor in China, has also been widely used as an anti-cancer and immunomodulatory agent. Although the mechansim of their antitumor action is still not completely clear, these polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes are suggested to enhance cell-mediated immune responses in vivo and in vitro and act as biological response modifiers. Potentiation of the host defense system may result in the activation of many kinds of immune cells that are vitally important for the maintenance of homeostasis. Polysaccharides or polysaccharide-protein complexes are considered as multi-cytokine inducers that are able to induce gene expression of vaious immunomodulatory cytokines and cytokine receptors. Some interesting studies focus on investigation of the relationship between their structure and antitumor activity, elucidation of their antitumor mechanism at the molecular level, and improvement of their various biological activities by chemical modifications.