Environmental Impacts—Lake Ecosystems
Environmental Impacts—Lake Ecosystems
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环境影响——湖泊生态系统
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-39745-0_10
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
D. Trolle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Adrian;D. Hessen;Thorsten Blenckner;H. Hillebrand;S. Hilt;E. Jeppesen;D. Livingstone;D. Trolle
北海地区拥有大量湖泊；从农业区的浅层、高度富营养化水体到原始高纬度或高海拔地区的深层、贫营养系统。这些淡水及其所含的生物群极易受到气候变化的影响。作为基本上封闭的系统，湖泊非常适合通过冰盖、水文和温度的变化以及生物群落（物候、物种和大小分布、食物网动态、生活史特征、生长和呼吸、营养动态和生态系统代谢）来研究气候引起的影响。本章重点关注天然湖泊的变化及其气候驱动的响应对生态系统特性（如生产力、群落组成、新陈代谢和生物多样性）产生重大影响的参数。它还指出了解决驱动和响应变量的不同时间尺度和变异性以及对环境力量的阈值驱动响应的重要性。超过临界阈值可能会导致生态系统特定要素的突然变化。对气候驱动的物理响应（如冰盖持续时间、分层周期和湖泊热剖面）进行建模已经取得了重大进展，本章介绍了北方湖泊在这一领域的最新成就。最后，对淡水生态系统主要气候影响的确定性水平进行了初步总结。只要有可能，数据和例子都取自北海地区。
The North Sea region contains a vast number of lakes; from shallow, highly eutrophic water bodies in agricultural areas to deep, oligotrophic systems in pristine high-latitude or high-altitude areas. These freshwaters and the biota they contain are highly vulnerable to climate change. As largely closed systems, lakes are ideally suited to studying climate-induced effects via changes in ice cover, hydrology and temperature, as well as via biological communities (phenology, species and size distribution, food-web dynamics, life-history traits, growth and respiration, nutrient dynamics and ecosystem metabolism). This chapter focuses on change in natural lakes and on parameters for which their climate-driven responses have major impacts on ecosystem properties such as productivity, community composition, metabolism and biodiversity. It also points to the importance of addressing different temporal scales and variability in driving and response variables along with threshold-driven responses to environmental forces. Exceedance of critical thresholds may result in abrupt changes in particular elements of an ecosystem. Modelling climate-driven physical responses like ice-cover duration, stratification periods and thermal profiles in lakes have shown major advances, and the chapter provide recent achievements in this field for northern lakes. Finally, there is a tentative summary of the level of certainty for key climatic impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Wherever possible, data and examples are drawn from the North Sea region.
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影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Evans, Christopher D.;Chapman, Pippa J.;Cresser, Malcolm S.
通讯作者：
Cresser, Malcolm S.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
O'Reilly, Catherine M.;Sharma, Sapna;Zhang, Guoqing
通讯作者：
Zhang, Guoqing
影响因子：
30.7
作者：
Jacobsen, Dean;Milner, Alexander M.;Dangles, Olivier
通讯作者：
Dangles, Olivier
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Norton, Lisa;Elliott, J. Alex;May, Linda
通讯作者：
May, Linda