Chapter 3--networks within networks: the neuronal control of breathing.
Chapter 3--networks within networks: the neuronal control of breathing.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-53825-3.00008-5
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ramirez, Jan-Marino
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garcia, Alfredo J., III;Zanella, Sebastien;Koch, Henner;Doi, Atsushi;Ramirez, Jan-Marino
呼吸是通过涉及分布在整个神经系统的神经元的复杂网络相互作用而出现的。呼吸节律生成网络由在较大网络中发挥作用的微网络组成，以生成表征呼吸的独特节律和模式。前 Bötzinger 复合体是位于腹外侧延髓内的节律生成网络，具有核心功能，没有该复合体，呼吸节律的生成和呼吸就会完全停止。它包含具有不同突触和内在膜特性的子网络，这些子网络产生不同类型的呼吸节律活动，包括平静、叹息和喘气活动。虽然在体外制剂中分离时，这些节律活动的关键方面得以保留，但前 Bötzinger 复合体在行为动物中作为更大网络的一部分发挥作用，该网络接收来自脑桥和面旁核等区域的重要输入。呼吸网络也是调节和感觉输入的整合器，使网络具有适应生物体行为、代谢和发育条件变化的重要能力。这篇综述总结了我们目前对这些相互作用的理解，并将新兴概念与其他节律生成网络中获得的见解联系起来。
Breathing emerges through complex network interactions involving neurons distributed throughout the nervous system. The respiratory rhythm generating network is composed of micro networks functioning within larger networks to generate distinct rhythms and patterns that characterize breathing. The pre-Bötzinger complex, a rhythm generating network located within the ventrolateral medulla assumes a core function without which respiratory rhythm generation and breathing cease altogether. It contains subnetworks with distinct synaptic and intrinsic membrane properties that give rise to different types of respiratory rhythmic activities including eupneic, sigh, and gasping activities. While critical aspects of these rhythmic activities are preserved when isolated in in vitro preparations, the pre-Bötzinger complex functions in the behaving animal as part of a larger network that receives important inputs from areas such as the pons and parafacial nucleus. The respiratory network is also an integrator of modulatory and sensory inputs that imbue the network with the important ability to adapt to changes in the behavioral, metabolic, and developmental conditions of the organism. This review summarizes our current understanding of these interactions and relates the emerging concepts to insights gained in other rhythm generating networks.