A cross-sectional study of household biomass fuel use among a periurban population in Malawi.
A cross-sectional study of household biomass fuel use among a periurban population in Malawi.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1513/annalsats.201311-413oc
复制
发表时间：
2014-07
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Mortimer K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Piddock KC;Gordon SB;Ngwira A;Msukwa M;Nadeau G;Davis KJ;Nyirenda MJ;Mortimer K
全球疾病负担研究表明，每年有近 350 万人因家庭空气污染而死亡。儿童慢性阻塞性肺病和肺炎等呼吸道疾病与家庭空气污染暴露密切相关。烹饪、取暖和照明时燃烧生物质燃料产生的烟雾是马拉维等低收入国家家庭空气污染严重的主要原因。对马拉维生物质燃料使用的更多了解将使我们能够更有效地解决与家庭空气污染相关的传染性和非传染性疾病。对马拉维布兰太尔成年人的生物质燃料使用和人口统计进行横断面分析。我们使用支持全球定位系统的个人数字助理来收集有关位置、年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育、职业和燃料使用的数据。我们描述这些数据并探索人口统计数据和报告的燃料类型之间的关联。共有16079名成年人参与（9户拒绝）；年龄中位数为30岁，男女分布相似，60%已婚，62%受过中学教育。男性和女性最常报告的职业分别是“带薪工作”（40.7%）和“小商贩和营销”（23.5%）。木炭（81.5%的家庭）、木材（36.5%）和电（29.1%）是家庭使用的主要燃料。只有 3.9% 的家庭完全使用电力。较低的教育和职业水平与更多地使用木材有关。这项大型横断面研究发现，撒哈拉以南非洲典型城郊人口广泛使用生物质燃料，其中妇女和社会经济地位较低的人受到的影响尤为严重。生物质燃料的使用可能是该地区现有传染性呼吸道疾病和新出现的非传染性疾病（特别是呼吸道疾病和心血管疾病）流行的主要驱动因素。我们的数据将有助于说明具体干预研究的基本原理，以及制定有针对性的公共卫生战略，以解决这一与贫困相关的重要全球健康问题。
The Global Burden of Disease Study suggests almost 3.5 million people die as a consequence of household air pollution every year. Respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia in children are strongly associated with exposure to household air pollution. Smoke from burning biomass fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting is the main contributor to high household air pollution levels in low-income countries like Malawi. A greater understanding of biomass fuel use in Malawi should enable us to address household air pollution–associated communicable and noncommunicable diseases more effectively. To conduct a cross-sectional analysis of biomass fuel use and population demographics among adults in Blantyre, Malawi. We used global positioning system–enabled personal digital assistants to collect data on location, age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, and fuel use. We describe these data and explore associations between demographics and reported fuel type. A total of 16,079 adults participated (nine households refused); median age was 30 years, there was a similar distribution of men and women, 60% were married, and 62% received secondary school education. The most commonly reported occupation for men and women was “salaried employment” (40.7%) and “petty trader and marketing” (23.5%), respectively. Charcoal (81.5% of households), wood (36.5%), and electricity (29.1%) were the main fuels used at home. Only 3.9% of households used electricity exclusively. Lower educational and occupational attainment was associated with greater use of wood. This large cross-sectional study has identified extensive use of biomass fuels in a typical sub-Saharan Africa periurban population in which women and people of lower socioeconomic status are disproportionately affected. Biomass fuel use is likely to be a major driver of existing communicable respiratory disease and the emerging noncommunicable disease (especially respiratory and cardiovascular) epidemic in this region. Our data will help inform the rationale for specific intervention studies and the development of appropriately targeted public health strategies to tackle this important and poverty-related global health problem.