Distributed versus focused attention (count vs estimate).

Distributed versus focused attention (count vs estimate).
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分布式与集中注意力(计数与估计值)。

DOI:
10.1002/wcs.136
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发表时间:
2011-11
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Evans, Karla K.
Evans, Karla K.
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chong, Sang C.;Evans, Karla K.

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数量或数量是我们环境的基本属性之一。人类和动物都有数量或“数感”的神经表征。提取和操纵数字的能力与我们的各种认知功能密切相关,如工作记忆能力,数学成绩和纹理感知。有证据表明,数感不是一个单一的机制,而是两个不同过程的组合:枚举和估计。该评论探讨了数字是如何在视觉领域的代表,其关系到不同的注意模式。枚举或计数允许对不同数量的对象进行精确表示,通过对每个对象的集中注意力的连续部署来实现对每个对象的意识。另一方面,估计涉及不同项目数量的近似值或整体统计的意义,通过在一组对象上快速部署分布式注意力来实现。在这个概述中,我们建议,集中注意力模式更适合枚举,而分布式注意力模式更适合估计。
Quantity or numerosity is one of the basic properties of our environment. Humans and animals both have the neural representation of quantity or “number sense”. The ability to extract and to manipulate numbers is closely related to our various cognitive functions such as the capacity of working memory, mathematical achievement, and texture perception. Evidence shows that the sense of number is not a unitary mechanism but rather a composition of two distinct processes; enumeration and estimation. The review examines how numerosity is represented in the visual domain and its relation to different modes of attention. Enumeration or counting permits an exact representation of a distinct number of objects, with an awareness of each object achieved through focal deployment of attention to each object serially. On the other hand, estimation involves an approximation of the number of different items or a sense of ensemble statistics, achieved through fast deployment of distributed attention over a set of objects as a whole. In this overview we suggest that a focused attention mode is more suitable for enumeration, whereas a distributed attention mode is better for estimation.
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