A Software Framework for Automated Negotiation
A Software Framework for Automated Negotiation
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-540-31846-0_13
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发表时间：
2004
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Bartolini;C. Preist;N. Jennings
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文献类型：
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作者：
C. Bartolini;C. Preist;N. Jennings
如果代理之间要自动协商，它们必须共享一个协商机制，规定每一方在任何给定时间都可以采取什么可能的行动，何时协商终止，以及所产生的协议的结构是什么。当前的标准化活动，如FIPA[2]和WS-Agreement[3]，将其表示为指定消息流的协商协议。然而，它们忽略了谈判规则的其他方面(例如要求参与者改进以前的报价)，要求这些规则在代理的设计中隐含地表示出来，这可能会导致不兼容、维护和可重用性问题。在本章中，我们提出了另一种方法，允许所有机制都是正式和明确的。我们提出了(I)声明性规则的分类，它可以用来以有原则和良好结构的方式捕获各种协商机制；(Ii)一个简单的交互协议，它能够支持任何可以使用声明性规则捕获的机制；(Iii)一个允许代理有效地参与使用我们的规则分类和协议定义的协商的软件框架；(Iv)一个基于OWL-Lite[4]的语言，用于表达协商的各个方面。我们提供了该框架可以支持的一些机制的示例。
If agents are to negotiate automatically with one another they must share a negotiation mechanism, specifying what possible actions each party can take at any given time, when negotiation terminates, and what is the structure of the resulting agreements. Current standardization activities such as FIPA [2] and WS-Agreement [3] represent this as a negotiation protocol specifying the flow of messages. However, they omit other aspects of the rules of negotiation (such as obliging a participant to improve on a previous offer), requiring these to be represented implicitly in an agent’s design, potentially resulting incompatibility, maintenance and re-usability problems. In this chapter, we propose an alternative approach, allowing all of a mechanism to be formal and explicit. We present (i) a taxonomy of declarative rules which can be used to capture a wide variety of negotiation mechanisms in a principled and well-structured way; (ii) a simple interaction protocol, which is able to support any mechanism which can be captured using the declarative rules; (iii) a software framework for negotiation that allows agents to effectively participate in negotiations defined using our rule taxonomy and protocol and (iv) a language for expressing aspects of the negotiation based on OWL-Lite [4]. We provide examples of some of the mechanisms that the framework can support.