Influences of Parental Snacking-Related Attitudes, Behaviours and Nutritional Knowledge on Young Children's Healthy and Unhealthy Snacking: The ToyBox Study
Influences of Parental Snacking-Related Attitudes, Behaviours and Nutritional Knowledge on Young Children's Healthy and Unhealthy Snacking: The ToyBox Study
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DOI：
10.3390/nu12020432
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Manios, Yannis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gibson, Edward Leigh;Androutsos, Odysseas;Manios, Yannis
本研究调查了父母对学龄前儿童健康和不健康零食与儿童肥胖的关系。在一项以幼儿园为基础的研究中，父母和3-5岁的儿童夫妇（n = 5185）提供了广泛的社会人口学、饮食习惯和食物摄入数据。通过调整的多层次模型，包括儿童估计能量消耗、父母教育和营养知识，研究了来自问卷调查的父母喂养方式与儿童健康和不健康零食的关系。父母健康和不健康的零食分别与孩子的零食相关（p < 0.0001）。为孩子提供健康零食与儿童健康零食摄入量的增加特别相关（p < 0.0001）。相反，与不健康零食相关的做法，即对不健康零食的宽容和满足儿童对不健康零食的需求，与儿童对不健康零食的消费增加有关，但也与健康零食的摄入减少有关（均p < 0.0001）。父母受教育程度越高，对零食推荐的营养知识越丰富，孩子吃健康零食越多（p < 0.0001），不健康零食越少（p = 0.002, p < 0.0001）。在调整后的模型中，儿童肥胖与这些幼儿的健康或不健康零食摄入无关。研究结果支持干预措施，解决父母的做法，区分健康和不健康的零食，以影响幼儿的饮食模式。
This study investigated parental influences on preschool children's healthy and unhealthy snacking in relation to child obesity in a large cross-sectional multinational sample. Parents and 3-5 year-old child dyads (n = 5185) in a kindergarten-based study provided extensive sociodemographic, dietary practice and food intake data. Parental feeding practices that were derived from questionnaires were examined for associations with child healthy and unhealthy snacking in adjusted multilevel models, including child estimated energy expenditure, parental education, and nutritional knowledge. Parental healthy and unhealthy snacking was respectively associated with their children's snacking (both p < 0.0001). Making healthy snacks available to their children was specifically associated with greater child healthy snack intake (p < 0.0001). Conversely, practices that were related to unhealthy snacking, i.e., being permissive about unhealthy snacking and acceding to child demands for unhealthy snacks, were associated with greater consumption of unhealthy snacks by children, but also less intake of healthy snacks (all p < 0.0001). Parents having more education and greater nutritional knowledge of snack food recommendations had children who ate more healthy snacks (all p < 0.0001) and fewer unhealthy snacks (p = 0.002, p < 0.0001, respectively). In the adjusted models, child obesity was not related to healthy or unhealthy snack intake in these young children. The findings support interventions that address parental practices and distinguish between healthy and unhealthy snacking to influence young children's dietary patterns.