The Challenge of Inferring Unconscious Mental Processes.
The Challenge of Inferring Unconscious Mental Processes.
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推断无意识心理过程的挑战。
DOI：
10.1027/1618-3169/a000517
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Shanks DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shanks DR
对无意识心理过程的研究经常将一种表现测量（例如，对知觉或记忆的一些评估）与一种意识测量（例如，口头报告或被迫选择反应）进行比较，这些测量是同时或单独进行的。参与者之间的二元数据的结果模式适合于几种分析方法来推断无意识心理过程的存在，但研究人员很少考虑可能导致这些模式的潜在生成过程。我们发现，双变量数据一般不足以区分单过程模型，一个单一的潜在过程确定性能和意识，从双过程模型，包括不同的潜在过程的性能和意识。未来的研究试图分离和调查无意识的过程将需要采用更丰富的数据和分析类型。
Studies of unconscious mental processes often compare a performance measure (eg, some assessment of perception or memory) with a measure of awareness (eg, a verbal report or forced-choice response) of the critical cue or contingency taken either concurrently or separately. The resulting patterns of bivariate data across participants lend themselves to several analytic approaches for inferring the existence of unconscious mental processes, but it is rare for researchers to consider the underlying generative processes that might cause these patterns. We show that bivariate data are generally insufficient to discriminate single-process models, with a unitary latent process determining both performance and awareness, from dual-process models, comprising distinct latent processes for performance and awareness. Future research attempting to isolate and investigate unconscious processes will need to employ richer types of data and analyses.