Threefold way to extinction in populations of cyclically competing species
Threefold way to extinction in populations of cyclically competing species
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DOI：
10.1088/1742-5468/2011/01/l01003
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发表时间：
2010-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Rulands;T. Reichenbach;Erwin Frey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Rulands;T. Reichenbach;Erwin Frey
物种灭绝在生态系统中是有规律的、可预测的。灭绝的时间尺度可以变化很大，并提供有关生态系统稳定性的信息。本文研究了一个三种群循环竞争的典范种群模型的时空灭绝动力学。循环动力学反映了物种相互作用的非平衡性质。虽然以前的工作集中在粗化过程作为驱动系统灭绝的机制，但我们发现，出乎意料的是，走向灭绝的动力学要丰富得多。我们观察到三种不同类型的动力学。除了粗化，在演化相关的大时间的限制，振荡行波和异宿轨道发挥主导作用。不同过程的权重取决于混合程度和系统大小。通过分析论证和广泛的数值模拟，我们提供了最令人惊讶的生态学模型之一，导致灭绝的情景的全部特征。
Species extinction occurs regularly and unavoidably in ecological systems. The time scales for extinction can vary broadly and provide information on the ecosystem’s stability. We study the spatio-temporal extinction dynamics of a paradigmatic population model where three species exhibit cyclic competition. The cyclic dynamics reflects the non-equilibrium nature of the species interactions. While previous work focuses on the coarsening process as a mechanism that drives the system to extinction, we found that unexpectedly the dynamics in going to extinction is much richer. We observed dynamics of three different types. In addition to coarsening, in the evolutionarily relevant limit of large times, oscillating traveling waves and heteroclinic orbits play a dominant role. The weights of the different processes depend on the degree of mixing and the system size. By means of analytical arguments and extensive numerical simulations we provide the full characteristics of scenarios leading to extinction in one of the most surprising models of ecology.