Loneliness and Attitudes Toward Aloneness in Adolescence: A Person-Centered Approach
Loneliness and Attitudes Toward Aloneness in Adolescence: A Person-Centered Approach
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DOI：
10.1007/s10964-015-0354-5
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Goossens, Luc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maes, Marlies;Vanhalst, Janne;Goossens, Luc
在青春期，感到孤独和处理独处的时间变得特别突出。本研究采用聚类分析的方法，考察了父母孤独和同伴孤独的共同出现，以及对孤独的积极态度和消极态度。在三个独立的样本中，涵盖了大约1800名青少年（61%为女性），确定了六个有意义的群体。这些群体与青少年的自尊和个性、父母的反应和心理控制、同伴群体功能和友谊表现出不同的联系。结果发现，在六个组中，有三个组的青少年存在相关因子的适应模式，即冷漠组（四个构念得分较低）、温和组（四个构念得分中等）和消极孤独态度组。在同伴孤独感组、积极态度孤独感组和父母孤独感组中，青少年的相关因子存在较差的适应模式。更具体地说，同伴相关孤独组和积极对待孤独组的青少年可能需要帮助他们与同伴的关系，而父母相关孤独组的青少年可能需要帮助他们与父母的关系。这些发现对当前理解和最佳测量青少年孤独和孤独的意义进行了讨论。
In adolescence, feeling lonely and dealing with time spent alone become particularly salient. The present study examined the co-occurrence of parent- and peer-related loneliness, and positive and negative attitudes toward aloneness, using cluster analysis. In three independent samples, covering about 1800 adolescents (61 % female), six meaningful groups were identified. These groups showed different associations with adolescents' self-esteem and personality, parental responsiveness and psychological control, and peer group functioning and friendships. An adaptive pattern of correlates was found for adolescents in three of the six groups, that is, the Indifference group (with rather low scores on the four constructs), the Moderate group (with moderate scores on the four constructs), and the Negative Attitude Toward Aloneness group. A rather maladaptive pattern of correlates was found for adolescents in the three other groups, that is, the Peer-Related Loneliness group, the Positive Attitude Toward Aloneness group, and the Parent-Related Loneliness group. More specifically, adolescents in the Peer-Related Loneliness and Positive Attitude Toward Aloneness groups may need assistance regarding their relations with their peers, whereas adolescents in the Parent-Related Loneliness group may need assistance regarding their relations with their parents. Implications of these findings for current understanding and optimal measurement of adolescents' loneliness and aloneness are discussed.